Enkidoodle

Pengelly, Mr., exploration of Brixham cave by, 512; of Kent’s Cavern, 488, 491

Pennacooks, mode of using pestle among the, 257; their scrapers, 299

Pennant, Mr., on querns in the Hebrides, 258

Penning, Mr. W. H., on African palæolithic implements, 653; palæolithic implements found by, 602, 603

Pennington, Mr. Rooke, barrow opened by, 467

Perceval, Mr. Spencer G., drift implement found by, 624

Perforations in celts, 142; incomplete, of axe-heads, 205, 226; natural, in flints, 184, 225; in pebbles, 217, 470; in stone, how effected, 46, 47; in stone, possible use of in cord-making, 428; in whetstones, 268; in wooden handle of flake, 292

Perrault, M., researches in the Camp de Chassey, 159

Persian arrows, iron, 394, 396

Persians, myth as to their skill in archery, 361

Personal ornaments, amulets, &c., 452–472

Perthes, M., Boucher de, discoveries in Somme valley, 12, 490; on celt handle, 160; on uses of pointed implements, 655; on worked flints at Abbeville, 526

Peru, obsidian working in, 24

Pestle and mortar, 252, 254

Pestle-like implements, 135, 149

Petrie, Prof. Flinders, on Egyptian blades, ripple-marked, 359; on fibre-hafted knife, 293; flint hatchets, hafting of, 169, 170; lance-head, 354; palæolithic implements found by, 652, 653; on sickles, 297; on tube-boring, 51

Pfahl-bauten, Swiss, flint workshop in the, 22; sawing on celts of, 43

Philip II. of Macedon, imitations of coin of, found with arrow-head, 397

Phillips, Mr. B., on softening amber, 449

Pickel, Conrad, his name Latinized into _Celtes_, 56

Picks of red deer horn used for flint extraction, 33

Picks and chisels, 173–182

“Picts’ Castle,” 138

“Picts’ houses,” see Brochs.

“Picts’ knives,” flakes resembling, 281, 292; not of flint, 345; recent use of, 348; possible use of in whaling, 348

_Pierre de tonnerre_, 57

Pig, Roman sacrifice of, with flint weapon, 10

“Pikelet stones” now made of iron, 440

Pins or awls, 433; bone, in interments, 83; from Kent’s Cavern, 488, 506; bronze, 214; possible use of, in interments, 432

Pipes of erosion, 548, 602, 707

Pisander, bronze axe of, 4

“Pisky grinding-stones,” 437

Pitcairn on the diabolical origin of elf-arrows, 366

Pitch, Scandinavian use of, for mounting bronze implements, 170

_Pithecanthropus erectus_, Dr. Dubois’, alluded to, 703

Pits for the extraction of flints, 33, 35, 78

Pivot stones, 242

Planes, Eskimo, use of scrapers as, 299

“Plateau type,” doubtful character of flints of, 609, 643, 658

Plate of gold in barrow, 227

Plates of amber for necklaces, 460; of jet, 457, &c.

Pleistocene fauna, association of worked flints with, 606, 700, 701, &c.; implements, European, similarity of those of Somaliland with, 653

Pliny as to _Cerauniæ_, 64, 481; on the _Glossopetra_, 363; on the _ovum anguinum_, 437; on pyrites, 16

Plot, Dr., on the true character of stone axes, 63; on flint arrow-heads, 362

Ploughshare, bronze, ceremonial use of, by the Tuscans, 5

Plowright, Dr. C. B., on a Norfolk flint factory, 83

Plutarch on the bronze weapons of Theseus, 4

“Pluvial Period,” Mr. Tylor on the, 698

Poem, early German, referred to, 146

_Pogamoggon_, its use by Shoshone Indians, 424

Poison, etymological testimony to its use on arrows, 362

Pole-lathe, mechanism of, 447

Polished patches on celts due to hafting, 89, 337

Polishers of stone, 266, 267; in Kent’s Cavern, 492

Polishing, absence of from palæolithic implements, 649; processes for, 43

“_Polissoirs_,” 262

Polygonal flakes, abundance of, in River-Drift, 642

Poppe, Mr. A., doubtful discoveries of hafted hatchets by, 163

Porphyritic greenstone, axes of, 193, 198; celts of, 104, 116, 124, 125, 129, 130, 136; chisel-like implement of, 176; knife of, 346; perforated adze of, 189

Porphyry, rolled fragments of, in Bournemouth gravels, 694; Spanish implements of, 529; slate, polished pebble of, 467

Pottery, absence of, from palæolithic deposits, 658; association of, with celts, 152; fragment of, from Cissbury, 79; in interments, 160, 248, 464; materials pounded for making, 257; possible use of bone instruments in making, 432; Roman, flint flakes with, 283; serrated flints for decorating, 296

“Pot-stone,” or steatite, 444; why so called, 451

Poulton, Prof. E. B., drift implements found by, 626

Pounders, pebbles used as, 244–248; ridged by use, 246; spherical, 250

Pounding-stones, palæolithic, probable uses of, 657

Pourtalès, M. F. de, on the use of bone in arrow-chipping, 39

Pressigny-le-Grand, cores from, 27, 28; long flakes at, 29

Prestwich, the late Sir Joseph; researches with author in Somme valley, 490, 527; at Icklingham, 539; at Reculver, 613; his report on Brixham Cave, 512; section of Ouse valley, 531; section of Lark valley, 543; section of Reculver Sands, 617; on drift deposits at Hoxne, 574; on drift deposits capping chalk downs, 608; implements found by, 593, 632; on Fisherton beds, 630; on uses of pointed implements, 645, 654; on river action, 663; on transporting power of ground-ice, 671; on disintegrating effect of frost, 672; on materials of drift gravels, 678; on level of Waveney valley, 683; old sea-beach found by at Waterbeach, 687; on valley erosion, 697; on difference between high and low level valley deposits, 699; on time needed for forming pipes of erosion, 707

Probert, Mr. C. K., drift implement found by, 538

Prometheus as to cave-dwelling men, 480

_Promptorium Parvulorum_ quoted as to slickstones, 441

Ptahmes, his name on stone knife, 8

Pudding-stone, Hertfordshire, querns of, 259

Pulley-beads, 560

Pulley-shaped rings, of jet, 352, 398, 455; of cannel-coal, 456

“Pump-drill” for producing fire by friction, 48, 49

Punches, probable uses of in flint-flaking, 23, 25, 278; in making axes, 32

“Purgatory Hammer,” 183

“Pygmy flints,” 325

Pyrenees, Claudian on worked flints of the caves of, 480

Pyrites, association of, with worked flints, 5, 313, 314, 316; in Belgian bone caves, 15, 318; in interments, 265, 313, &c., 467; scored, in Trou de Chaleux, 318, 501; use of with flint for fire-producing, 5, &c.; its use evidenced by its name, 16

Pyrodes, myth as to his introduction of fire, 16, 313

Quarries of stone for implements, 80

Quartz, American arrow or harpoon heads of, 407; Australian hafting of flakes of, 293; beads of, 465; celt of, 136; crystals of, used for boring, 322; Egyptian celt of, 113; flat disc of, 244; pebbles, association of, with flint flakes, 25; hammers of, 243, 248; pebbles in interments, 467; slickstones of, 442; Swiss arrow-head of, 402; implements, African, 653; implements from Portugal, 529

Quartzite, axe-hammer of, 207; celt of, 113; flakes of, 281; hammer-heads of, 225, 228, 229; implements of, 587, 593, 650, 651, 654; implements from Somaliland, 653; mauls of, 234; pebbles of, battered glacial, 561; pebbles, implements of, 566, 579, 594; pebbles in Little Ouse valley, 682; plano-convex disc of, 231; qualities of, for implement making, 581; Scotch arrow-head of, 377; spherical implement of, 244

Quaternary beds, freshwater origin of, 679; first discovery of implements in, 581; in Portugal, 529; reported human remains in, 703; fauna, continental conditions of in England, 707; gravel, character of flint implements from, 12

Queen Charlotte Islands, basalt hammer from, 25

Querns, 258–260; from Brochs, 463

Quoit, disc resembling, 440

Rabut, M., hammer-stone found by, in the Lac du Bourget, 246

Rain, proportion of, that reaches chalk springs, 675

Rainfall, dependence of height of saturation of chalk on, 664; valley erosion dependent on amount of, 666, 668

Rats, perforated discs for guarding against, 439

Rau, Prof., his experiments on boring stone, 48; referred to, 237, 241

_Rayos_ or _Centellos_, 58

Razors, Mexican, of obsidian, 290

Read, Mr. C. J., on Milford Hill finds, 632

Read, Mr. C. H., on Bolas, 423

Read, Mr. W., C.E., drift implements found by, 623

Red deer, antlers of, used in flint digging, 33; found at Cissbury, 79; flat instrument made from, 432; circle of in barrow, 466; sockets made from, 160

“Red woman of Paviland,” 487

Reeds, use of, for shafting arrows, 369, 409, 410

Refuse heaps in Dordogne caves, 478

“Regenbogen-schüsseln,” with flint arrow-head, 397

Reid, Mr. Clement, on the Arctic flora of Hoxne, 577; on the Hoxne deposits, 685

Reindeer or Cavern Period, arrow-heads of, 361; cave-dwellers of, in S. of France, 277; characteristics of, 53; characteristics of caves of the, 482; objects found in caverns of, 321; scrapers of, 311; toothed flakes of, 296; use of red paint in, 264; worked stones in caves of, 245

Reindeer horn, Eskimo flaking-tool tipped with, 37; harpoon-heads of, 484; rows of holes bored in, 321

Religious rites, survival of ancient customs in, 5, 7

“Reliquiæ Diluvianæ,” Dean Buckland’s, 487

Resin, its use in mounting flakes, 293, 409

Rhinoceros, bones of leg of, in apposition, 701; hemitœchus, remains of, in Wales with human works, 520

Rib, with incised horse on it, 523

Rib-like bone, marks of sawing on, 539

“Ribbon-sling,” 417

Richard, Abbé, flint flakes found by, in tomb of Joshua, 9; Syrian drift implements shewn by, 652

Rickard, Mr. J. C., on palæolithic African implements, 653

Ridged flakes defined, 641

Ridges worn on hammer stones, 246

Ridley, Messrs. E. P. & H. N., on fossil plants at Hoxne, 577

Rigollot, Dr., on implements at St. Acheul, 526, 527

Rings of jet in interments, 265, 266, 308, 352, 426, 455; with radial perforations, 454, 456; of Kimmeridge shale, 456; penannular, of bronze, 456; of Samian ware, 466; spiral, of bronze, 398; of stone, 465; studs combined with, for fastenings, 454

Ripple marking on Egyptian and Danish blades, 359; on British arrow-heads, 392, 393

River basins, present lowering of, 668

River Drift, antiquity of, 662, &c.; causes of crumpling, 697, 698; and surface periods, gap between, 650, 704; implements of, 526, _et seqq._; implements compared with those of caves, 474; French and English, resemblance of, 627, 630; mammalian remains in, 528, &c.; molluscan in, 531, 536, 539, &c.; sorting of materials, of, by water action, 667, 673

River gravels, scrapers rarely found in, 311; stone implements found in, 147–150

Rivers, amount of detritus carried by, 667; former, near Cromer, 572; former, preceding the Solent, 622, 634, 690, 694; former, connected with the Waveney, 577; former, represented by the Wye, 521; origin of systems of, 665; transporting power of, 666, &c.

Rivers, General Pitt, his explorations at Cissbury, 33, 78–82; on the classification of flint arrows, 370; on implements in the London gravels, 589; flint flakes found by, in Egyptian gravel, 652; palæolithic implements found by, 604

Robenhausen, pyrites found in lake settlement of, 15

Robinson, Sir J. C., palæolithic implements found by, 626

Rock-crystal, perforation of, on the Rio Negro, 52; piece of in cist, 468

Rocks, calcareous, erosion of, 477, &c.

Rock-shelters, formation of, 476

Rolled condition of implements in lower parts of valleys, 681

Rolleston, the late Prof., his find at Oxford, 593

Rolling-pin and bed-stone, 250

Romano-British village, “coal money” in, 465; shale cups in, 448

Roman remains, stone objects with, 109, 144, 237, 244, 283; in Lark valley, 543; sites, flakes found on, 283; sites, bone pins on, 431; sites, discoidal stone weights on, 443; soldier with bracer represented on monument, 430

Romans, ceremonial use of flint by the, 9; pyrites used by, for fire-producing, 313; staff-sling used by, 418

Rome, bronze shears used at, by priest of Jupiter, 5

Roots, possible use of pointed implements in digging for, 645, 655

Rose, Mr., his suggestion as to tube-boring, 50

Rotatory mill, 254

Roughening of implements for insertion into sockets, 46, 125, 128, 136; of hammers for grasping, 243

Roundels of stone, suggested use of, 49

“Round-nosed chisels,” stone implements resembling, 180

Rowe, Rev. A. L., quartzite drift implement found by, 578

Rubbers needed for polishing concave surfaces, 266

Ruddle, rubbing stone associated with, 263; nodules of, with charcoal, 263, 264

Rumph on the “Dondersteenen” of Java, 59

Runic characters on stone celts, 58

Rushes, use of, for cord in hafting, 292

Rutley, Mr. F., drift implement found by, 616

Sabines, use of bronze knives by priests of the, 5

Sabre-toothed tiger, presence of, in British caves, 508, 524

Saddle-querns, 251

St. Acheul, Kent’s Cavern implements of the age of, 495

St. Alban’s mill dues, 258

“Salagramma pebble,” Indian custom concerning, 468

Salmon, M. Philippe, his division of the Stone ages, 485

Salt-mines, grooved axes in, 169; stone mauls found in, 234

“Samian ware,” ring of, 466

Sand, use of, in boring stone, 49; use of, in grinding concave surfaces, 266; polishing effect of, 659

Sandars, Mrs. E., side scraper found by, 636

Sandstone, cup of, 444; grooved pieces of, 83; grooved nodule of, as sink-stone, 236; perforated plates of, 428, 431; pyriform piece of, 442

Sarmatians, their early ignorance of the use of iron, 7

“Sarsen-stone,” mullers of, 248; interment under, 352

Saucer of shale, 445

Savage Island, shaped sling-stones in, 418

Savages, modern, hafting of implements by, 155, 161, &c.; their use of perforated implements, 215; of stone implements, 172; of unmounted tools, 171

Savoy, superstition regarding celts in, 57

Saws, flint, in La Madelaine caves, 484; serrated flakes as, 249, 297; small flakes mounted as, 293

Sawing, mechanical aids to, 44; modern experiments in, 44, 297; signs of, rare in British implements, 43; traces of, on Spanish celt, 44

_Saxo Grammaticus_ on Thor’s Hammer, 62

Saxon graves, fibula and flints in, 144; flint arrow-heads in, 397; quern in, 259; steels and chipped flints in, 283

Saxon remains in Lark valley, 543; spindle-whorl with, 439

Scales of fish in river drift, 540, 541

Scaling fish, possible use of scrapers for, 312, _note_

Scalping knife, possible use of stone blade as, 355

Scandinavian axes, 184; how bored, 49; blades, crescent-shaped, 297; flint knives, 8; harpoon-heads, 277; hone, 271; superstitions as to stone implements, 366, 469; two-edged flint blades, 294

Schlalum Indians, adze of the, 166

Scheffer, on burial customs of the Lapps, 283; Lapp divining stone engraved by, 470

Schliemann, arrow-heads found by, at Mycenæ, 403; flakes for sickles found by, 297; grooved stone mentioned by, 235; mealing stones found by, 253; on Trojan sling bullets, 418

Schmerling, Dr., his discoveries in Belgian caves, 481

Schoolcraft on American perforated maces, 216; on hammer-stones, 219, 241

_Sciat-hee_, Sir D. Wilson on the, 366

“Scies,” 296

Scotch fir, submerged forest of, at Bournemouth, 695

Scrapers, classification of, 300; discoidal, 302, 308; double-ended, 307; duck-bill shaped, 304, 305; from Palæolithic Floor, 600; hollow, 319; horseshoe-shaped, 300, 308, 311; in brick-earth, 599; iron-mounted in Merovingian graves, 314; irregular in form, 306; kite-shaped, 303, 304; in kjökken-möddings, 310; method of making, 36, 298, &c.; modern use of, 299, 320; numerous, where flint abounds, 310; rare in River Drift, 643; resemblance between ancient and modern, 314, 315; of the Reindeer Period, 311; spoon-shaped, 308, 310; straight, 319; traces of wear on, 311, 495; use of, in preparing hides, 311, 312; use of, in producing fire, 312–319, 501; why so named, 643; with bronze weapons, 309

Scraping, results of, on flint flakes, 289; wear from, on Brixham flints, 516

Scythes, myths concerning, 361

Scythians, their skill in archery, 361; their bronze arrow-heads, 368

Sea, rate of encroachment by the, 695; on soft cliffs, 707; at Reculver, 686

Sea shells in Whittlesea Mere, 681

Sections of Brixham Cave, 512, 513; at Bromehill, 560, 561; at Hackney Down, 584; of Hitchin brickfield, 536, 537; at Hoxne, 574, 575; of Isle of Wight, 626; of Kent’s Cavern deposits, 491; of Lark valley, 543; of Ouse valley, 531, 551; of Rea valley, 579; of Reculver cliffs, 617; at Shrubhill, 569; of gravels at Southampton, 623

Seeley, Mr. H., on an incised bone, 539

Sehested, Mr., his experiments with stone implements, 50, 69

_Selci romboidale_, 325

Sellers, Mr. G. E., on stone-chipping, 24

Sérifontaine, pits for flint extraction at, 35

Serpentine arrow-head, Swiss, 402; axe-hammers, 206, 213; celts, 66, 125, 130, 138; chisel, Swiss, 177; Merovingian pendants, 470; ovoid implement, 467; perforated discs, 216; hammers, 221, 224; ring, 465

_Serpula_ limestone, instruments of, 128, 227

Serration, varying, of flint saws, 294, 297

Seton-Karr, Mr. H. W., discoveries in Somaliland, 652, 653; palæolithic Egyptian implements found by, 652

Sets or punches, 24, 25

Shafting of arrow-heads, methods of, 408–411

Shafts of arrows, compound, 410; concave scrapers for, 320; grooved pebbles for straightening, 268; South American, 407

Shale, cups of, 445; pendants of, 463; rings of, 466

Sharpening-stones, 161–171

Sharp-rimmed implements, classification of, 646

Shasta Indians, arrow-chipping among, 39, 40

Shelley, Mr., flakes collected by, 278

Shell-gouges, Carib use of, 182

Shells, extinct in England, in Cam river-drift, 539; fossil, as ornaments, 484; fresh water, their evidence as to source of gravels, 679; fresh water, with Hoxne implements, 684; fresh water and land, in Ouse gravels, 531; land and marsh at Hampton, 617; used as pendants, 470

Shetland blades, 347

Shield, wooden, in Saxon tumulus, 163

Shoe-shaped implements defined, 645

Shore-ice, transporting power of, 672

Shoshonee Indians, military flail used by, 423

Shrubsole, Mr. O. A., on the Caversham beds, 592

Sibbald, Sir Robert, on elf-arrows, 362; on the artificial nature of flint arrow-heads, 363

Siberian use of stones for pounding, 245

Sickle, bronze, of Medea, 5

Sickles, Egyptian, 297; possible use of curved knives as, 358

Side-scrapers, definition of, 300, 302; in caves and River drifts, 548, 635, 643

Silex, suggested etymology of, 15

Silica, two forms of, in flint, 497

Silver, arrow-heads mounted in, 365, 367; present use of stone tools in working, 232

Similarity of wants, similarity of implements due to, 235, 407

Sinew, animal, modern use of, in arrow-shafting, 409, 410; Eskimo weapon of chase made of, 422; its use for sewing, 507, 657

Sink-stones, present use of, 236, 237

Siret, M. M., saddle-querns found by, in Spain, 252

“Skelbs,” Scottish for flakes, 275

Skeletons, bracers on arms of, 426, 429, 456; cause of contracted attitude, 149; contracted, articles with, 309, 313; female, necklaces with, 457, 459, 462, 463; jet ornaments with, 454; pebbles in hands of, 467, 468; in Quaternary beds, 656, 703; in Spain, articles found with, 333, 352

Skertchley, Mr., on manufacture of gun-flints, 15, 18; on the date of the Brandon beds, 568

Skins, flakes hafted by, 293; preparation of, with stone implements, 127, 299, 340; scraper for, from Kent’s Cavern, 499

Skull, human, in Cheddar Cave, 486; in gravel pit of Ouse valley, 542; near Bury St. Edmunds, 656, 703

Slabs for sharpening stone implements, 261

Sladen, Major, jade celts brought from China by, 127

Slate, chlorite, perforated plates of, 425; knives of, 358; used for arrows and lance-heads, 404

“Slekenstone,” its renderings into Latin, 441

Slickstone of glass in woman’s grave, 442

Slickstones, various, 441

Sling, early use of the, 417

Slinging by means of split stick, 417

Sling-stones, early forms and materials of, 418; in Kjökken-möddings, 419; their relation to intrenchments, 420

Sloane catalogue, reference to “British weapon” in, 581

Smith, Mr. G., implement found by, at Southsea, 626; Captain G. V., experiments with Kjökken-mödding axes, 69; Captain John, on arrow-chipping in Virginia, 40; Mr. Worthington G., _echini_ found by, in barrow, 468; flakes fitted on to palæolithic cores by, 20, 598; finds old land surface under brick-earth, 598; palæolithic implements found by, in gravels, 530, 583–586, 601–604, 611, 624

Smoothing stone, tanged, 443

Snake River Indians, arrow-chipping by, 40

Snake-stones, snake bites treated by, 437

Socket of celts, polishing due to friction of, 89, 142; intermediate, of stag’s horn, 158, 160; mode of fastening axe in, 156; stone, for hinge, 242

Solent, ancient river of the, 634, 637; its former basin, 638, 690; subsequent widening of, 691

Solinus on the abundance of jet in Britain, 464

Solutré, characteristics of Age of, 484

Solvent power of carbonic acid, 675

Somme, implements in the drift of the valley of the, 490

Sophocles, his mention of the bronze sickle of Medea, 5

Sotacus, concerning _Cerauniæ_, 64, 480; his date, 65

South Sea Islanders, adze-like implement of, 138

Spanish _trillas_, 284

Spalls of flint, 564

Spalding, Mr. F., 179

Spear-heads of flint, 348, &c.; with notches at side, 351

Spear-shafts, concave scrapers for shaping, 320

Specks, shining, on flints from the gravel, 565, 659

Spiennes, cores from, 27; flint manufactory at, 34; stag’s horn hammers at, 35

Spindles, upright, of corn-mills, 242

Spindle-whorls, 436, &c.; absent in palæolithic times, 657; _cidares_ used as, 469; in Kent’s Cavern, 492; varieties of, 438

Spinning and weaving, early practice of, 436; method of, 437

Spinning-wheel, possible classical use of, 436

Spiral ornament on bone bead, 211; on glass bead, magic virtue of, 437

Splinters and flakes of flint, distinction between, 275

Springs in the chalk, 664, 675

Spurrell, Mr. Flaxman C. J., flint flakes replaced on cores by, 20, 606; on final flaking of Danish daggers, 42; implements found by, 572, 605, 606; on ripple-marked Egyptian blades, 359; on stone implement making at Kahun, 45; on flakes mounted for sickles, 297

Staff-sling, its use in Roman times, 418

Stag’s horn, axe or hoe of, 434; bone-tipped implement of, 416; for hafting celts, 128; for hafting flakes, 292; hammers of, 35, 41, 186, 434; implements for arrow-flaking, 41, 393; in interments, 148, 398; in mines, 233, 234; picks of, 33, 34; punch of, for obsidian working, 25; sockets of, 158, 161; in Swiss Lake-dwelling, 321

Stalactite, formation of, 479; piece of in barrow, 466

Stalagmite, deposition of, 479; of Kent’s Cavern, 511

_Stan-æx_ and _stan-bill_, 145

Stanley, the late Hon. W. O., researches in Holyhead, 230, 234, 244, 252, 450, 466

Steatite, cup of, 444; New Caledonian sling-stones of, 418; sawed with string and sand, 45; tubes of in Ohio valley, 50; its use for hollow vessels, 451

Steels with flints in Saxon graves, 283

Steenstrup, on marks of attrition on celts, 89, 297; as to use of Kjökken-mödding axes, 69

“Steenstrup’s markings” on oval blade, 337

Stevens, Mr. Alfred H., implements found by at Bournemouth, 635; the late Mr. E. T., classification by, of palæolithic implements, 641, 644, 646–648; implements found by, 627; Dr. Joseph, drift implements found by, in Thames valley, 143, 591, 592; referred to, 277

Stick, split, slinging by means of, 417

Stone of the Arrows, 262

Stone of Heaven, 5

Stone Age, division of into Earlier and Later stages, 12, 474

Stone and Bronze Periods, overlapping of, 89, 143, 150, 211, 471, &c.

Stone weight, name suggestive of origin, 443

Stopes, Mr. H., Syrian and Egyptian implements found by, 652

Strabo, on the exportation of amber to England, 449

“Strahlhammer,” 63

Streams, carrying power of, 666

“Strike-a-light” flints, arrow-heads used for, 400; present manufacture of, 17, 21; their resemblance to early scrapers, 314

Studs of amber, 456; of jet with rings in interments, 454–456

_Strombus gigas_, gouge-like instrument formed from, 182

Stukeley, his account of a stone axe, 183; on elf’s arrows, 366

Submarine forest at Bournemouth, 695; at Hunstanton, celt found in tree of, 150

“Subterranean reservoir” of the chalk, 664

Suetonius on a portentous find of stone axes, 65

Superstitions concerning stone: adzes, 59; arrow-heads, 363–367; axes, 62, 63, 145, 183; celts, 56–61; hammers, 62; “lucky-stones,” 469; pebbles, 467, 468; “witch-stone,” 470

Surface-flaking of arrow-heads, 392, 393

Surface Period, synonymous with Neolithic, 12

Surface drainage, lessening with amelioration of climate, 676

Survival of bronze implements in religious rites, 5

Swiss Lake-dwellings, arrow-heads, bone, in, 402; animals, domesticated, 358; awls, perforated, 323; bastard gouges, 182; bitumen, use of in hafting, 170, 409; celts, socketed, 128, 136; degree of civilization in, 358; disc, perforated, 191; flakes, trimmed, 327; flakes, mounting of, 502; hafting of celts, 167; hafting of hatchets, 155, 158, 162; knife, peculiar, 348; needles of bone, 433; sling-stones, 418

Swords, bronze, 4; leaf-shaped Egyptian, 8; Mexican obsidian, 294

Sword-like blades, Irish, of slaty stone, 363

Syenite, axe-hammer of, 211; celt of, 127; and greenstone, celts of at Kent’s Cavern, 488

Symonds, Rev. W. S., on changes in Wye valley, 521

“Taawisch,” Nootka Sound war axes, 157

Tacitus, on the arrows of the Fenni, 361

Tahitians, their shaped sling-stones, 419; sharpening of hatchets by, 263; stone pestle of, 257

Tasmanians, pebble superstitions among the, 468; unmounted celts used by, 171

Taunus slate, perforated hoe of, 191

Taylor, Mr. J. B., African palæolithic implements brought by, 653

Teeth, attrition of, by grit from grinding-stones, 253, 254

Teneriffe, use of obsidian knives in, 8

Terraces of gravel left during erosion of valleys, 673; near London, 590, 685; in Waveney valley, 578

Tertiary implements, so called, 658

Teutonic interments, stone objects in, 468, 470

“Thesaurus Brandenburgicus,” occurrence of _Celtes_ in, 55

Thong-drill, use of, 48

“Thor’s Donnerkeil,” 51

Thor’s hammers, 62, 145, 184

Threshing instrument resembling the _tribulum_, 284

“Thumb-flint,” method of making, 36

“Thunder axes,” 56

“Thunder-stones” in Dutch Guiana, 271; in Western Africa, 60

Thurburn, Capt. H., Greek celts brought by, 126; African celt brought by, 241

Thurnam, the late Dr., on the connection of leaf-shaped arrow-heads with long barrows, 377; on flat plates of stone, 427; on javelin-heads, 370; referred to, 244, 250, 269, 280, 291, 294, 309

_Tibia_, its use suggested by its name, 432

Tierra del Fuego, pyrites used in for producing fire, 15

Tiffin, Mr., junr., implements found by, 627, 634

Tiger, sabre-toothed, in Kent’s Cavern, 508; in Creswell Crags, 524

“Tilhuggersteene,” Danish, 241

Time, incalculable, needed for geological changes, 609, &c.

Tindall, Mr. E., implements found by, 249, 251, 295, 332

Tinder-boxes, no early record of the use of flint for, 17

Tiryns, flint flakes from, 403

Tobacco pipes, N. American, boring of, 52

“Toki” of the Maoris, 172

Toltecs, use of stone mortars by, 257

Tomahawks, Australian, 26; mounting of, 166; time required to make, 52; North American, 216

“Tonderkiler” and “Torden-steen,” 57

Tongue-shaped implements defined, 644; found, 539, 572, 649

Topley, Mr. W., on possible ice action in Darent valley, 610; ovate implement found by, 621

Tor Bryan Caves, 516, 517

Torquay Nat. Hist. Soc., exploration of Kent’s Cavern by, 490

Torquemada, his account of Aztec obsidian working, 23; on Mexican razors, 290

Touraine, flint industry of, 30

“Traba,” a form of _tribulum_, 284

“Trail and warp,” 698

Trees, branches of, with bones under gravel, 595; species of, in Bournemouth submarine forest, 695; below Hitchin brick-earth, 537; in Hoxne brick-earth, 575

Tremlett, Admiral, on the cutting power of jasper flakes, 6

Trephining, practice of, in the Stone Period, 289

Tribrach-formed instrument, 77, 78

_Tribulum_, Varro’s description of the, 284

Trigg formerly Prigg, the late Mr. Henry, implements found by, 539–542, 550, 554–556, 558, 578; section of Redhill by, 551

Trimmer, Mr., on Trail and Warp, 698

Trou de Chaleux, pyrites in, 286

Trough, triturating, 252

Troy, earthenware whorls from site of, 439; sling-bullets from, 418

Troyon, M., on stone boring, 50; on the use of sand in sawing stone, 44

Truguet, M. Franck de, Swiss boring instrument found by, 46

Trunk interments, 398, 447, 448

Tube, boring by means of, 47, 49, 52; in Klemm collection, 49

_Tubularia_, hammer-head of fossil mass of, 229

Tumulus, mixing of objects of different date in, 210

Turquoise mines, stone hammers found in, 234

Turquoises on Mexican dagger-hilt, 325

“Turtle-backs” of Trenton, 80, 654

Tuscans, their ceremonial use of a bronze plough-share, 5

Tusks of wild boar in interments, 83, 148, 328, 427

Tweezers, bone, 433; bronze, 433, 440

“Twibill,” 146

Twigs, hafting of stone blade by, 347

Tylor, Mr. Alfred, on detritus brought down by rivers, 667; on fluviatile beds, near London, 584; on the “Pluvial Period,” 698

Tylor, Dr. E. B., on etymology of “superstition,” 8; on obsidian working in Peru, 24, 290; on stone drilling, 48

Tyndall, Prof., on conditions of glacier formation, 698

Ulna of whale, axe made of, 435

_Ulus_, or Eskimo women’s knives, 343

Ulysses, his use of the drill, 48

“Underground house of Skaill,” objects found in, 255

Upsala, axe in museum of, with Runic inscription, 58

Urns, bronze and stone objects in, 208, 269, &c.; ornamented, found with bracer, 427; jet ornaments with, 456; wooden bodkin in, 433

Use, traces of, on implements, 504, 555, 647

Utensils, domestic, 436–451

Valleys, climatal changes shewn by deposits in, 699; erosion of, later than cave deposits, 513, 521; erosion of, later than gravel deposits, 580; erosion of, affected by changes of climate, 666, 676, 697; erosion of, hypothetical, 662–678; retrogression of heads of, 674, 683, 686

Valley slopes, detritus gradually left on, 673

Varro, his description of the _tribulum_, 284

Vegetable fibre, use of, in hafting arrows, 407, 409; matter, decaying, a source of carbonic acid, 675

Venus, Paphian, on Cypriote coins, 10

_Vesica piscis_-formed implements, 647

Vessels, stone, in English barrows, 450, 451

Vertebræ, human, with arrow-heads embedded, at the Grotte du Castellet, 375, 401; in la Marne, 396; near Copiapo, 406

Victoria Cave, doubly barbed harpoon from, 505; River, stone working on the banks of the, 26

Viking grave of woman, slick-stone in, 442

Villas, Roman, stone celts found in, 144

Vincent of Beauvais as to derivation of “silex,” 15

Vincent, M., his early discovery of flint implement, 527

Virginia, early account of arrow-chipping by Indians of, 40

Virgil, bronze arms mentioned by, 4; bronze sickle of Elissa, 5; on flint and steel, 16; quoted as to _jactare_, 147

Vivian, Mr. E., his examination of Kent’s Cavern, 488, 490

Vogt, Prof. Carl, suggestions as to stone roundels, 49

Vogué, M. de, Syrian palæolithic implement obtained by, 652

Von Estorff on stone boring, 49

Von Sacken, Baron, on the Hallstatt graves, 7

Vulgate, occurrence of _Celte_ in, 55

Wallong, the Australian, 243

Walrus, remains of, in Whittlesea Mere, 681

Walrus tooth used for tipping flaking tools, 24

Wapiti, chisels made from horn of, 434

War-axe of Gaveoë Indians, 156; of Nootka Sound Indians, 157

War, blunting of axes for, 196; or chase, probable use of stone balls in, 422; decorations on weapons of, 226

War maces, possible use of circular pebbles as, 231; paint, interment of, with the dead, 264

Waring, Miss, drift implement found by, 608

“Warp and trail,” 593, 698

Warren, Mr. Hazzeldine, implements found by, 139, 603

Washing linen, “batting staff” employed in, 256

“Wasters,” presence of, in flint implement manufactories, 385, 649

Water, its action on flint, 497; carbonic-acid-charged, its action on chalk, 477, 557; fresh, drift beds deposited by, 662; transporting power of, 513; transporting power dependent on rate of flow, 667

Water-mills, stone pivots and sockets for, 242

Watson, Mr. Knight, on the word _Celte_ in Vulgate, 56

Wauwyl, flint manufactory at, 22

Way, the late Mr. Albert, his finds at Bournemouth, 635, 637; on the submerged forest at Bournemouth, 695; referred to, 74, 160, 254, 340, 347; Miss, drift implement found by, 636

Weapons, association of, with decorations in graves, 460; bronze, in the heroic times, 4; elaboration of, a mark of dignity, 216, 226; hammer-heads as, 224; probable use of perforated axes as, 215; Scandinavian form of, found in Britain, 213; wearing and re-chipping of, 349

Wear on implements, its evidence as to mode of use, 311

Weaving, early practice of, 436; possible use of perforated stones in, 237

Weaverthorpe, stag’s horn pick found at, 34

Wedding dress cut out by stone knife, 348

Wedge, bone, 24; certain celts possibly used as, 82, 87, 655; of granite, 97; tightening of hafting by means of, 233

Wells in the chalk, varying height of water in, 664

Westlake, Mr. E., implement found by, 632

Wexovius as to reindeer marrow, 504

Weights for scales, stones as, 443

Whale, axe made from ulna of, 435; remains of near Cambridge, 681

Wheel-lock, use of pyrites in, 16

Whetstones, 261–271; of the Bronze Period, 268; in caves, 504; Danish, 264, 265; with gold cup in coffin, 449; in interments, 185, 268, 271, 332, 353; with iron loop for suspension, 270; with metal handles, 270, 271; Spanish perforated, 438

Whitaker, Mr. W., palæolithic implements found by, 538, 587, 607, 611, 612, 613

Whitbourn, the late Mr., implement found by, in Wey valley, 319, 594

White pebbles, symbolism of, 468

Whitening of flint, 497, 549, 556

Wild goose, remains of, in Fisherton beds, 631

Wilde, Sir William, on boring instruments for stone, 47; on classification of arrow-heads, 370; late use of stone implements recorded by, 11; on Irish treatment of sick cattle, 365; on use of celt in Irish weaving, 440; referred to, 154, 177, 215, 223, 232, 270, 272, 308

Willett, Mr. Ernest, his explorations at Cissbury, 78; his discovery at Brighton, 622

William of Poitiers quoted, 146

Williams. Rev. T. J., on white stones in interments, 468

Wilson, the late Sir Daniel, on American stone hammers, 235; on celt found in canoe, 150; on “elf-arrows,” 366; on a find of “Picts’ knives,” 346; on stone boring, 47; on stone cups as lamps, 445

Wire, Mr. A. P., pointed implement found by, 603

“Witch-stone” as protection for cattle, 476

Withies, stone implements hafted by, 167, 168, 233, 239

“Witters” or barbs of arrow-heads, 370, _note_

“Women’s knives,” Eskimo, 343

Wood, bodkin of, in urn, 433; fire produced by friction of, 313; fossil, from Thanet sands, 620; method of preserving, 152; spindles of, with Roman remains, 439; split, hafting of daggers in, 349; split, hafting of spear-heads in, 350; stone boring by means of, 48, 49, 50, 52; used for splintering obsidian, 24

Wood, Rev. J. G., his Nat. Hist. of Man referred to, 166, 167, 168, 299

Woods, various, used for hafting implements, 153, 155, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164

Wooden cup with handle in barrow, 448; figures, carved Egyptian, 369; objects associated with celts, 152

Woodward, Dr. Henry, crystal pick described by, 235; the late Dr. S. P., referred to, 627

Woodward, Dr., his suggestion as to arrow-heads, 407

Wookey Hyæna Den, 517–520

Wool, tissues of, in bronze interments, 437

Woollen cloth, skeleton wrapped in, 448

Worm, Olaf, on early stone implements, 363; his recognition of a Greenland harpoon, 410

Worsaae, Prof., suggestions as to early stone boring, 47, 48; referred to, 191, 232, 261, 271, 278, 298, 308, 353, 448

Wright, Mr. Arthur G., drift implement found by, 539

Wrist-guards of stone, 425–428

Wyatt, the late Mr. James, finds of implements, 572, 613; his section of Ouse valley, 531; referred to, 101, 110, 245, 340

Wye Valley, geological changes in, 521

Wyeth, Mr., on arrow-chipping by Snake River Indians, 40

Xanthorrhæa gum, its use in hafting hatchets, 137, 170

Xerxes, stone and iron-tipped arrows used by army of, 368

Yew, flake-handle of, 292; in Hoxne beds, 575; probable use of for British bows, 411

Young, Mr. Lambton, C.E., drift implement from the Thames found by, 588

Yun-nan, jade-working in, 110

Zinck, M., his criticisms on distinctions between palæo- and neo-lithic forms, 649

Zigzag incised lines on sandstone cup, 444; ornamentation on stone bracer, 430

Zunis of New Mexico, arrow-head charms among the, 367

|732|

INDEX, GEOGRAPHICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL.

BEDFORDSHIRE. Bedford, 530, 645 Bedfordshire, 277 Biddenham, 495, 531, 532, 680 Biggleswade, 538 Bossington, 530 Cardington,531 Dallow Farm, near Luton, 598 Dunstable Downs, 72, 468 Harrowden, 531 Henlow, 536 Honey Hill, 531 Houghton Regis, 598 Kempston, 105, 125, 245, 340, 353, 531, 535 Leagrave Marsh, 598 Leighton Buzzard, 91, 530 Luton, 229 Maiden Bower, near Dunstable, 69, 281, 301, 310, 334, 374, 376, 379, 415 Miller’s Bog, near Pavenham, 101 Sandy, 427 Summerhouse Hill, 531 Tempsford, 536 Wanlud’s Bank, Luton, 68

BERKSHIRE. Abingdon, 103, 389 Berkshire, 381 Cherbury Camp, Pusey, 111 Childrey, 391 Cholsey, 593 Cockmarsh, 309 Gould’s Heath, 393 Great Shefford, 309 Grovelands, 591 Kennet Mouth Pit, near Newtown, 592 Lambourn Down, 186, 318, 349, 384, 399, 434, 455 Maidenhead, 174, 591 Pig’s Green, near Reading, 592 Reading, 591, 592 Redlands, 592 Ruscombe, 591 Sunninghill, 229 Sutton Courtney, 389 Thatcham, near Newbury, 76 Wallingford, 343, 390, 592 Wokingham, 592

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. Burnham, 591 Chalvey Grove, Eton Wick, 101 Dawley, near West Drayton, 591 Great Missenden, 596 Iver, 591 Langley, 591 Marlow, 591 Pulpit Wood, Prince’s Risborough, 281, 310 Taplow, 591

CAMBRIDGESHIRE. Aldreth, 390 Barnwell Gravels, 538, 539 Bartlow Hills, 68 Bottisham Fen, 68, 73, 116, 174, 335, 350, 539 Bottisham Lode, 110 Bourn Fen, 383 Burnt Fen, Prickwillow, Ely, 68, 330, 351, 376, 383 Burwell Fen, 68, 72–75, 88, 92, 93, 107, 109, 115, 125, 174, 175, 178, 191, 263, 332, 336, 340, 343, 351, 390, 538 Cambridge, 310, 326, 340 Cambridge Fens, 70, 71, 92, 100, 104, 116, 125, 178, 251, 277, 332, 334, 343, 431, 538, 539, 680 Cambridgeshire, 77, 202, 251, 439, 443 Chatteris, 538 Chatteris Fen, 200, 384 Chesterford, 139, 194 Chesterton, 229, 538, 539 Coldham’s Common, 125 Coton, 101, 104, 116 Cottenham, 135, 200, 269 Digby Fen, 104 Ely, 202 Girton, 431 Grantchester, 129 Hare Park, 352 Histon, 103 Ickleton, 144 Inglewood Forest, 198 Isleham, 383 Jackdaw Hill, 351 Kate’s Bridge, 104 Kennett Station, 539 Litlington, 240 Manea, 116 March, 681 Melbourn, 173 Newmarket, 229 Orwell, Wimpole, 222 Quy Fen, 174, 340, 351 Rampton, 111 Reach Fen, 75, 88, 92, 102, 122, 138, 222, 383, 385, 389 Redmore Fen, Littleport, 228 Six-Mile Bottom, 539 Soham Fen, 116, 459, 539 Swaffham Fen, 92, 95, 110, 125, 191, 343, 431, 539 Upper Hare Park, 539 Waterbeach, 681, 687 Wicken Fen, 68, 389 Whittlesea Mere, 681

CHESHIRE. Alderley Edge, 234 Cheshire, 200 Gatley, 243 Macclesfield, 251 Northenden, 194 Siddington, Macclesfield, 200 Tabley, Knutsford, 183 Tranmere, 151

CORNWALL. Angrowse Mullion, 314 Bochym, Cury, 130, 242 Boscregan, 455 Brane Common, 269 Carn Brê, 309, 331, 334, 389 Cornwall, 56, 130, 251, 252, 253, 279, 437, 439 Falmouth, 107 Kerris Vaen, 257 Pelynt, 72, 214 Rillaton, 448, 449 St. Agnes, Truro, 389 St. Just, 84 Tregaseal, St. Just, 269 Trevelgue, 210 Truro, 122, 138

CUMBERLAND. Burns, Keswick, 225 Carlisle, 202, 255 Castle Carrock, 330 Cumberland, 106, 112, 117, 194, 200, 257, 395 Ehenside Tarn, 133, 152, 200, 251, 259, 265 Great Salkeld, 117 Hallgaard Farm, Birdoswald, 224 Inglewood Forest, 198 Irthington, 353 Keswick, 96, 118, 225 Kirkoswald, 200 Lazenby Fell, 262 Melmerby, 240 Mawbray, 198 North Lonsdale, 200 Ousby Moor, 202 Penrith Beacon, 104 Plumpton, Penrith, 198 Red Dial, Wigton, 201 Rusland, 200 Solway Moss, 119 Troutbeck, 200 Wigton, 117

DERBYSHIRE. Alsop, 467 Arbor Low, 72, 343, 352, 458 Ashford-in-the-Water, 443, 467, 632 Bakewell, 463 Ballidon Moor, 280 Belper, 230 Biggin, 434 Blake Low, 352 Borrowash, 197 Borther Low, Middleton, 398 Brassington, 389 Breadsale Moor, 225 Brierlow, Buxton, 108 Buxton, 366, 455 Carder Low, Hartington, 194, 467 Castleton, 467 Church Hole Cave, Creswell, 522, 523 Cow Low, Buxton, 309, 457 Creswell Caves, 522 Cronkstone Hill, 309 Cross Low, Parwich, 149 Derbyshire Moors, 394, 400 Derbyshire, 143, 279, 309, 324, 332, 341, 352, 375, 377, 378, 381, 385, 389, 394, 400, 432, 459, 467 Dow Low, 313 Elton Moor, 139, 148, 313, 467 Gospel Hillock Barrow, Buxton, 149 Green Low, Alsop Moor, 313, 352, 388, 399, 416, 432 Grind Low, Over Haddon, 458 Haddon Field, 432 Harborough Rocks, 372 Hargate Wall, 457 Hay-Top Barrow, Monsal Dale, 463 Hollingsclough, 279 Hopton, 107 Hungry Bentley, 394, 463 Ken’s Low Farm, 214 Lean Low, Newhaven, 340 Liff’s Low, Biggin, 91, 148, 295 Longcliffe, 372 Mam Tor, 342 Middleton, 253, 467 Middleton Moor, 96, 136, 389, 393 Mining Low, 343 Monsal Dale, 309, 434 Mother Grundy’s Parlour, Creswell Crags, 522 Nether Low, Chelmorton, 352 Net Low, Alsop Moor, 453 Newhaven, 343 Parcelly Hay Barrow, Hartington, 214 Readon Hill, Ramshorn, 467 Ringham Low, 377 Robin Hood’s Cave, Creswell, 522, 523 Smerrill Moor, 432 Stanton Moor, 463 Thor’s Cave, 438 Three Lows, The, Wetton, 352 Throwley, 186, 467 Tideswell, 186 Upper Edge, 279 Wetton, 451 Winster, 198, 259 Wormhill, Buxton, 96, 104

DEVONSHIRE. Ashbury, 200 Axminster, 639 Beer Head, 15 Blackbury Castle, 279 Bridge Farm, Tawton, 92 Brixham, 222 Brixham Cave, 490, 499, 512–517 Broad Down, Honiton, 264, 314, 445–7 Broom, 639 Burnt Tor, Dartmoor, 200 Cattedown, Plymouth, 517 Chagford, 331 Chard, 639 Comb-Pyne, 249 Croyde, 279 Cullompton, 639 Dartmoor, 257, 279, 389 Devonshire, 195, 279, 300, 421, 694 Happaway Cavern, Torquay, 517 Hartland, 89 Hawkchurch, 639 Holsworthy, 200 Kentisbeare, 630 Kent’s Cavern, Torquay, 321, 325, 465, 488–511, 535, 657 Langtree, 240 North Bovey, 192 Penbeacon, Dartmoor, 266 Plymouth, 389 Prince Town, Dartmoor, 378, 390 Thorverton, Exeter, 225 Tor Bryan Caves, Denbury, 516, 517 Torre Abbey Sands, Torbay, 415 Torquay, 116 Ugborough, 192 Withycombe Raleigh, 200

DORSETSHIRE. Afflington, 456 Badbury Rings, 310 Blandford, 60, 390 Bradford Abbas, 309, 373 Creakmoor, Poole, 122 Dewlish, 638 Dorsetshire, 77, 248, 249, 279, 301, 389, 432, 691, 694 Farnham, 75 Hod Hill, 93, 176, 230, 310, 419 Isle of Portland, 113, 249 Iwerne Minster Down, 174, 379 Jordan Hill, Weymouth, 249 King Barrow, Stowborough, Wareham, 447 Knowle, 269 Langton, Blandford, 125 Lyme Regis, 35 Maiden Castle, 70 Morton, Dorchester, 91 Pistle Down, 377 Poundbury Camp, Dorchester, 301, 310 Povington, 445 Ridgway Hill, 328, 385 Tarrant Launceston, 126 Wareham, 127 Wimborne Minster, 634 Winterbourn Steepleton, 210 Woodcuts Common, 144, 448, 465

DURHAM. Coves Houses, Wolsingham, 229 Cowshill in Weardale, 106 Heathery Burn Cave, Stanhope, 432, 464 Jarrow, 101 Lanchester Common, 383 Millfield, Sunderland, 194 Newton Ketton, 378 Raby Castle, 105 Sherburn, 125

ESSEX. Audley End, 254 Barking, 603 Battlebridge, 583 Blunt’s Hill, Witham, 75 Clacton, 687 Colchester, 193, 578 East Ham, 603 Epping Forest, 254 Epping Uplands, 229 Felstead, 578 Forest Gate, 603 Gray’s, 15 Gray’s Thurrock, 603 Great Easton, Dunmow, 173 Grove Green Lane, Leyton, 603 Higham Hill, 603 Ilford, 603 Lake’s Farm, Camshall Lane, Wanstead, 603 Lea Marshes, 111 Lexden Park, Colchester, 578 Leyton, 603 Leytonstone, 603 Littlebury, Saffron Walden, 538 Little Thurrock, 536, 603 Mucking, 603 North End Place, Felstead, 578 Orsett, 603 Plaistow, 603 Quendon, 538 Rainham, 603 St. Swithin’s Farm, Barking Side, 603 Shoeburyness, 604 Southend, 603 Stifford, Gray’s Thurrock, 93, 229 Stratford, 603, 604 Temple Mills Lane, Stratford, 100 Tilbury, 603 Upton, 603 Wallend, 604 Waltham, 229 Walthamstow, 603 Walton-on-the-Naze, 125, 310 Wanstead, 603 West Ham, 603 Windmill Hill, Saffron Walden, 336 Wolseys, Dunmow, 351

GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Cirencester, 116 Gloucestershire, 277, 381, 393, 400 Great Witcombe, 144 Hinchcombe, 89 Mitcheldean, 291 Oakley Park, Cirencester, 280 Rodmarton, 280, 377, 468 Snowshill, 212 Snow in the Wold, 390 Turkdean, 389 Uley, 280 Whittington Wood, 244

HAMPSHIRE. Alton, 595 Andover, 70 Ashey Down, Isle of Wight, 469 Barton, 637, 687 Barton Cliff, 647 Basingstoke, 314 Bembridge, Isle of Wight, 105, 626, 693 Bere, Forest of, 77, 82 Bishopstow, 101 Boscombe, 635, 636 Bournemouth, 74, 291, 378, 390, 392, 635, 687, 690, 693–696 Bourne Valley Pottery, 636 Brown Down, 689 Brunage, 625 Chuton Bunny, 637 Dunmer, 72 Ellisfield Camp, 72 Fleming Arms, Swathling, 624 Fordingbridge, 634 Foreland, Isle of Wight, 626, 693 Freemantle, 623 Hampshire, 81, 92, 100, 279, 687 Hengistbury Head, 694 Hill Head, 623, 625, 689 Hordwell, 687, 694, 707 Horndean, 389 Isle of Wight, 78, 101, 687 Lee on the Solent, 626, 689 Lichfield, 309 Milford, 637 Minley Manor, Blackwater, 125 Needles, The, Isle of Wight, 691 New Forest, 687 Petersfield Heath, 468 Portsmouth, 111 Redbridge, 624 St. Mary Bourne, Andover, 70, 277, 281 Seaview, Isle of Wight, 626, 693 Selsey, 693, 701 Solent, 690, &c. Southampton, 623, 688 Southampton, Town Pit, 624 Southampton Water, 689 Southbourne-on-Sea, 498 Southsea Common, 626 Stone, 638 Swathland, 624 Warsash, 626

HEREFORDSHIRE. King Arthur’s Cave, Whitchurch, Ross, 521

HERTFORDSHIRE. Abbot’s Langley, 78, 87, 139, 291, 301 Albury, Bishop’s Stortford, 100 Apsley, 597 Ashwell, 380, 382 Ayot St. Peter, 602 Baldock, 177 Bayford, 602 Bearton Green, Hitchin, 536 Bedmond, 78, 596, 597 Bengeo, 602 Bishop’s Stortford, 602 Bushey Park, Watford, 597 Caddington, 598, 686, 698 Eddlesborough and Tring, between, 382 Fisher’s Green, Stevenage, 602 Flamstead End, 603 Harpenden, 601 Hertford, 602 Hertfordshire, 70, 277, 664 Hitchin, 537 Hitchin and Pirton, between, 114, 437, 536, 685 Hunsdon, Ware, 389 Ickleford, Hitchin, 536 King’s Langley, 572 Knebworth, 602 Mount Pleasant, Kensworth, 600 No Man’s Land, Wheathampstead, 601, 602 North Mimms, 602 Panshanger, 101 Pesterford Bridge, Bishop’s Stortford, 603 St. Alban’s, 258 Sandridge, 229 Stocking Pelham, 603 Tring Grove, 383, 398, 426, 456 Verulamium, 283 Ware, 70, 228, 334, 602 Watford, 597 Wellbury, Offley, 190 Welwyn, 602 Welwyn Tunnel, 602 Wheathampstead, 601 Wigginton, 597

HUNTINGDONSHIRE. Abbots Ripton, 538 Elton, Oundle, 573 Hartford, 104, 538 Keystone, 137 Little Orton, 573 Overton Longville, 573

KENT. Ash, 144, 145, 608 Aylesford, 610 Bewley, 608 Bexley, 103, 357 Bigborough Hill, Canterbury, 389 Bigborough Wood, Tunford, Canterbury, 102 Bishopstone, 613 Canterbury, 70, 616, 618 Canterbury, New Cemetery, 620 Chart Farm, Ightham, 174, 608 Chatham, 469 Chatham, Engineering School, 611 Chilham, 542, 620 Chislet, 617 Cobham, 611 Cockerhurst Farm, Shoreham, 608 Crayford, 606, 607 Currie Farm, 605 Currie Wood, Shoreham, 605 Dartford Heath, 605 Dover, Priory Valley, 91 Erith, 607 Fane Hill, 608 Faversham, 611 Ferry Harty, Isle of Sheppey, 154 Folkestone, 281, 621 Galley Hill, 607 Gillingham, 611 Green Street Green, 604, 605 Grovehurst, Milton, 331, 357, 378 Hampton, 540 Hartlip, 611 Harty, Isle of Sheppey, 269 Herne Bay, 613 High Street, Chislet, 291 Hollingbourne, 258 Horton Kirby, 607 Ightham, 608 Isle of Thanet, 309, 331, 334 Kingsdown, 139 Kit’s Coty House, 378 Leeds Castle, 309 Lewisham, 604 Lullingstone, 608 Maidstone, 281, 353 Marden Church, 610 Meopham, 611 Milton, 310 Milton Street, 607 Moldash, 612 Newington, 611 North Downs, 609, 686 Northfleet, 607, 686, 703 Nursted, 611 Oldbury, Ightham, 92 Oldbury Hill, 608 Old Haven Gap, 617 Ospringe, Faversham, 611 Otterham Quay, Chatham, 611 Ramsgate, 389 Ravensbourne Valley, 604 Reculver, 613–617, 642 Regulbium, 283 Rowton Chapel, Lenham, 618 St. Mary, Hundred of Hoo, 611 Sandling, 610 Seal, 608 Selling, 612 Shoreham, 71 Sittingbourne, 279, 427 Slade’s Green Pit, Crayford, 606 Stoke, 611 Stone Pit Farm, 608 Stone Street, 608 Studhill, 617 Summer Hill, Canterbury, 279 Swalecliffe, 617 Swanscombe, 607 Teynham, 611 Thanington, 540, 619 Tunbridge, 309 Tweedale, 611 Wear Farm, Chislet, 620 West Malling, 610 West Wickham, 248, 295, 310, 334 Wickham Road, Lewisham, 604 Wincheap, Canterbury, 619, 620

LANCASHIRE. Ayside, Newby Bridge, Windermere, 198 Bull Hill, 378, 380 Claughton Hall, Garstang, 210 Conishead Priory, 104 Dean, Bolton, 200 Furness, 202, 229 Haydock, Newton, 230 Heathwaite, Furness, 465 Hopwood, 200 Lancashire, 209, 257, 279, 325, 389 Lancaster, 427 Liverpool Docks, 168 Newton, 118 Saddleworth, 200 Shaw Hill, Flixton, 118 Silverdale, 230 Solway Moss, Longtown, 119, 151 Torver, 230 Toxteth, 96 Wavertree, 389 Windy Harbour Farm, Pendle, 117 Winwick, Warrington, 212

LEICESTERSHIRE. Barrow-on-Soar, 200 Breedon, 259, 467 Cliff Hill, 103, 254 Leicester, 144, 200, 389, 435 Loughborough, 111, 129 Osbaston, 251 Sutton Cheney, 432 Wymeswold, 470

LINCOLNSHIRE. Broughton, 279, 332 Fiskerton, 350 Gunthorpe, 373 Lincolnshire, 431 Manton, 389 Newport, 225 Spalding, 124

MIDDLESEX. Abney Park Cemetery, 586 Acton, 589, 590, 591 Bull’s Cross, Enfield, 603 Bush Hill Park, Enfield, 603 Dalston, 586 Dawley, West Drayton, 591 Ealing Dean, 589 Ealing, The Mount, 591 Edmonton, 603 Forty Hill, Enfield, 603 Gunnersbury, 591 Hackney, 586 Hackney Downs, 584 Hanwell, 591 Highbury New Park, 585 Hillingdon, 591 Homerton, 586 Hounslow, 591 Hounslow, Heath, 334 Kingsland, 586 London, 127, 229, 530, 656 London, City, 586 London, Clerkenwell, 583, 586 London, Drury Lane, 583 London, Gray’s Inn Lane, 583 London, Jermyn Street, 583 London, London Fields, 586 London, Main Drainage Works, 101 London, Prince’s Street, Oxford Street, 583 Lower Clapton, 586, 587 Mildmay Park, 586 Mill Hill, 589 Northwood, Harefield, 102 Rowan Tree Farm, Lower Edmonton, 603 Shacklewell, 584, 586 South Hornsey, 586 Southwell, 591 Stamford Hill, 586, 587 Stoke Newington, 310, 586, 587 Teddington, 76, 279 Twickenham, 222 Upper Clapton, 586

MONMOUTHSHIRE. Penhow, 269, 279

NORFOLK. Ash Wicken, 572 Attleborough, 390 Aylsham, 100, 381 Barton Bendish, 100 Beachamwell, 100 Blofield, 100 Bolton, Great Yarmouth, 100 Breccles, 100 Bromehill Pit, Weeting, 560 Buckenham, 34 Caistor, 229 Catton, 15 Congham, 229 Corton Beach, Yarmouth, 357 Cromer, 253, 463, 572 Dull’s Lane, Loddon, 125 Dunham, 91 East Runton, 572 Eaton, 34 Elsing, 100 Feltwell, 174, 458 Gallows Corner, Aylmerton, 572 Grime’s Graves, Brandon, 33–35, 40, 72, 77, 125, 248, 277, 281, 322, 390, 431, 451 Harleston, 228 Heckingham Common, 103 Hilgay Fen, 100, 255 Hunstanton, 150 King’s Lynn, 572 Leziate, 572 Little Cressingham, 460 Little Dunham, 70 Lopham Ford, 107 Lyng, 229 Massingham Heath, 83 Narborough, Swaffham, 100 Narford, 231 Necton, 202, 390 Norfolk, 77, 200, 279 North Walsham, 173 Norwich, 77 Oxburgh, 100 Pentney, 103, 151 Redhill, Therford, 550, &c. Rockland, 223 Shrub Hill, Feltwell, 96, 390, 550, 568, 569 South Wootton, 572 Sporle, Swaffham, 229, 240 Stanford, 91 Swannington, 110 Tasborough, 200 Thetford, 69, 75, 92, 93, 142, 291, 385 Thorpe, 91 Trimingham, 100 Wereham, Stoke Ferry, 142 Westacre Hall, 102 Weston, 90, 139 West Runton, Cromer, 572 Whitehill, 550, 556 Yarmouth, 229

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. Gilsborough, 110 King’s Sutton, 130 Little Wansford, Great Weldon, 350 Northampton, 124 Norton, Daventry, 352 Oundle, 301, 373, 378 Peterborough, 681 Pytchley, 281 Towcester, 104

NORTHUMBERLAND. Alnwick, 199 Amble, 280 Barrasford, 200 Bellingham, North Tyne, 126 Birtley, 259 Branton, 126 Burradon, 103, 116 Chollerford, 330 Coldstream, 168 Doddington, 116 Eglingham, 463 Ford Common, 330, 333 Great Tosson, 453 Halton Chesters, 105 Harbottle Peels, 241 Haydon Bridge, 200 Helton, 202 Hipsburn, 200 Holystone, 194 Ilderton, 117 Kielder Burn, North Tyne, 388 Northumberland, 244, 331 Percy’s Leap, 235 Ponteland, 105 Seghill, 208 Shilbottle, 200 Thirstone, 200 Throckley Fell, 128 Tosson, Rothbury, 455 Twisel, Norham, 223 Weetwood, 253 Woodhall, Harbottle, 92

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Beeston, 210 Sand Hills, Wollaton, 204

OXFORDSHIRE. Alchester, 144, 442 Bagley Wood, 593 Barcoot, Dorchester, 264 Brighthampton, 294 Broadwell, 594 Callow Hill, 281, 309, 376 Caversham, 592 Caversham, Henley Road, 592 Cockshott Hill, Wychwood Forest, 160 Dorchester, 247 Dorchester, Dykes, 332, 384 Eynsham, 101 Ipsden, 593 Marston Ferry, 593 Oxford, 593 Oxfordshire, 279, 381, 400 Sarsden House, Chipping Norton, 390 Shiplake, 592 Standlake, 125, 389, 398 Toots Farm, Caversham, 592 Wolvercote, 593, 594

SHROPSHIRE. Hardwick, Bishop’s Castle, 202

SOMERSETSHIRE. Athelney, 468 Barwick, 390 Camerton, 269 Chard, 639 Cheddar Pass, 486 Glastonbury, 200 Hamden Hill, Ilchester, 396 Little Solsbury Hill, Bath, 25, 247, 277, 281, 310, 374 Priddy, 389 Somersetshire, 281 Stourton, 192, 200 West Coker, 249, 259 West Cranmore, 295 Wookey Hyæna Den, 517–520 Worle Hill, 283

STAFFORDSHIRE. Bailey Hill, 433 Beresford, 362 Castern, 263, 455 Elkstone, 253 Grub Low, 377 Leek, 362 Long Low, Wetton, 234, 377 Mouse Low, 399, 432 Musdin, 330 Ribden Low, 330, 432, 433 Shuttlestone Barrow, Parwich Moor, 309 Staffordshire, 377, 432 Stone, 202 Wetton, 451

SUFFOLK. Alderton, 102 Bardwell, 192 Barrow, Bury St. Edmund’s, 439 Barton Mills, 390 Beeches Pit, West Stow, 542 Botany Bay, Brandon, 568 Botesdale, 100, 110 Brandon, 14, 17–21, 427, 550, 562, 568 Brick-kiln Farm, Brandon, 565, 566 Bury St. Edmund’s, 91, 174, 540, 656 Cardwell, 550 Cavenham, 142 Clare Castle, 229 Cross Bank, Mildenhall, 337 Culford, 88 Debenham, 91 Eriswell, 550 Eye, 229 Felixstow, 207, 218 Fornham All Saints, 542 Gravel Hill, Brandon, 507, 562, 563 Great Wratting, Haverhill, 229 Grindle Pit, Bury St. Edmund’s, 540 Grundisburgh, 100, 223 Helmingham, 280 Helperthorpe, 89 Hepworth, 100, 102 Herringswell, 539 High Lodge Hill, Mildenhall, 549, 643, 685 Hoxne, 373, 390, 530, 573, 574, 577 Icklingham, 14, 70, 87, 93, 176, 228, 249, 278, 281, 291, 329, 332, 334, 335, 337, 339, 341, 343, 373–375, 382, 383, 389, 390, 393, 543, 546, 643 Ipswich, 34, 100, 193, 353 Kenny Hill, Mildenhall, 78, 295 Kesgrave, 100 Lackford, 112, 113 Lakenheath, 73, 125, 307, 334, 340, 341, 373, 375, 376, 385, 389, 391, 393, 394 Livermere, 116 Maid’s Cross, 550; Old Churchyard, 566; The Broom, Maid’s Cross, 566 Market Weston, 100 Martlesham Hill, 89 Melford Junction, 578 Melton, Woodbridge, 174 Mildenhall, 42, 56, 67, 68, 73, 75, 88, 91, 93, 104, 110, 229, 230, 291, 336, 341 North Stow, 176, 356 Nowton, 542, 559 Playford, 101 Rampart Hill, Icklingham, 539, 543, 544, 545 Redgrave, 110, 228 Santon Downham, Thetford, 70, 92, 99, 542, 550, 552, 554–559, 647, 660 Shelley, 106 Sicklesmere, Bury St. Edmund’s, 542 Sproughton, 126 Stanifield, Bury St. Edmund’s, 228 Staunton, Ixworth, 389 Stonham, 281 Stow Heath, 100 Stowmarket, 110 Stutton, 578 Sudbury, 117, 578 Suffolk, 71, 89, 177, 248, 277, 279, 301, 307, 310, 324, 328, 332, 335, 337, 377, 381, 382, 383, 391, 393, 395, 400, 419, 539 Sutton, 111, 231, 427 Swan Brake, North Stow, Bury St. Edmund’s, 342 Thetford Warren, 74, 75, 556 Thingoe Hill, Bury St. Edmund’s, 541 Thurston, 97 Troston, 97, 128 Undley Common, Lakenheath, 94; Hall, 100 Wangford, 389, 562 Warren Hill, 543, 544, 546, 547 Warren Lodge, 548 Westhall, 442 Westleton Walks, 179 Westley, 542 West Stow, 92, 176, 389 Wilton Heath, 193

SURREY. Anstie Camp, Dorking, 389 Ash, Farnham, 101 Battersea Rise, 604 Carshalton, 351 Chart Park, Dorking, 389 Cookham, Maidenhead, 591 Croydon, 101 Earley, 592 Earlsfield, 604 East Hill, Wandsworth, 604 East Sheen, 591 Egham, 101 Farley Heath, 596 Farnham, 595 Frimley, 596 Godalming, 319 Hurlingham, 351 Kingston-on-Thames, 120; Chelsea Waterworks at, 150 Lavender Hill, 604 Limpsfield, 609, 610 Lingfield Mark Camp, 389 Normandy, Wanborough, 228 Peasemarsh, Godalming, 353, 594 Peperharrow, 596 Redhill, 244, 277, 378 Reigate, 100, 229, 277, 278 Ridland’s Farm, Limpsfield, 610 Roehampton, 604 Sheen, 253 Sonning, 592 Surrey, 127, 279, 389 Titsey, 144, 230 Walton-on-Thames, 351 West Hill, Wandsworth, 604 Wishmoor, 70 Wisley, 101 Wracklesham, 596

SUSSEX. Alfriston, 84, 148 Avisford Bridge, 687 Bell’s Field, Friston, 622 Beltout Castle, 281 Berling Gap, 301, 303, 305 Bow Hill, 268 Brighton (Elephant bed), 622 Cissbury, 32, 33, 35, 72, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 248, 277, 281 Clayton Hill, 76 Cliffe, Lewes, 229 Crow Link Gap, East Dean, 622 Cuckmare Haven, 304 Eastbourne, 76, 87, 126, 144, 179, 357 Hardham, 283 Hastings, 71, 281, 309, 325, 389 High Down, Ferring, 314 Horsham, 389 Hove, Brighton, 185, 268, 449 Mitchdean, 154 Mount Caburn, Lewes, 229, 249, 268, 440 Mount Harry, Lewes, 174 Newhaven, 278, 295 Newhaven and Telscombe, between, 71 Oving, Chichester, 69 Pallingham Quay, 229 Possingworth Manor, Uckfield, 281 Pulborough, 254 Pycombe Hill, 93 Ringwood Gore Farm, East Dean, 94 St. Leonard’s Forest, Horsham, 229, 295, 389 Seaford, 71, 149, 249, 278, 295, 309 Sussex, 68, 84, 277, 279, 301, 419, 443 Sussex Downs, 32, 36, 79, 101, 248, 263, 307, 310, 319, 400 Willington Mill, 341 Windore Hill, Alfriston, 308 Wolsonbury, 465

WARWICKSHIRE. Castle Ring, Cannock Chase, 281 Hartshill Common, 187 Rugby, 259 Ryton-on-Dunsmore, Coventry, 240 Saltley, 522, 578 Sutton Coldfield, 224 Walsgrave-upon-Sowe, 198

WESTMORLAND. Burns, Ambleside, 235 Haversham, 201 Loughrigg Tarn, 133 Westmorland, 112, 117, 200, 235

WILTSHIRE. Aldbourne, Hungerford, 78, 96, 227, 427, 463, 466 Alton Down, 377 Ashford-in-the-Water, 443, 467, 632 Ashton Valley, 210 Avebury, 248, 281, 332, 454, 467 Avebury Down, 309 Bemerton, 70, 627–629, 632 Bradford Abbas, 281 Breamore, 107, 632 Brigmilston, 280, 314 Britford, Salisbury, 632 Bulford, 427 Bush Barrow, Normanton, 227 Clarendon, 15 Collingbourne, 434 Collingbourne Ducis, 254 Cop Hill Barrow, Warminster, 434 Crudwell, 111 Cutterly Clump, 378 Downton, 632 Durrington, 269 Durrington Walls, 308, 352, 455 East Kennet, 193 Elm Grove, Milford Hill, 632 Everley, 160, 268, 291, 384, 466 Everley and Amesbury, between, 314 Fisherton, 628 Fisherton Anger, 630 Fovant, 385, 455 Fyfield, 377 Galley Hill, 656 Great Bedwin, 102 Hacpen Hill, 432 Hamptworth, 335 Harnham Hill, 283 Heytesbury, 254 Highfield, Salisbury, 251, 538, 629 Kingston Deverill, 460 Knook Castle, Upton Lovel, 148 Lambourn Downs, 186, 308, 318, 349 Lake, Salisbury, 125, 269, 388, 627 Liddington, 229 Littleton Drew, 280 Long Street Down, 280 Marlborough, 229, 230 Mere Down, 427 Milford Hill, 631–633 Milton, Pewsey, 390 Monkton Down, 328 Morgan’s Hill, 309 Normanton Down, 267, 269 Norton, Daventree, 352 Ogbourne, 377 Overton Hill, 295 Ozengall, 283 Peter’s Finger, Salisbury, 277 Pewsey, 627 Pick Rudge Farm, Overton, 339, 380 Rolston Field, 186 Rotherley, 309 Roundway Hill, Devizes, 268, 398, 426 Rushmore Park, 309 Salisbury, 627 Salisbury, Plain, 202 Selwood, Stourton, 198, 211 Silk Hill Barrow, 269 South Newton, 628 Stanton Fitzwarren, 101 Stonehenge, 107, 212, 269, 291, 352, 466 Stourton, 192 Sutton, 427 Temple Bottom, 434 Upton Lovel Barrow Down, 88, 143, 148, 213, 244, 267, 428, 431, 456, 460, 467 Walker’s Hill, 377 West Kennet, 248, 250, 263, 277, 280, 291, 294, 309, 432, 463 Wilsford, 213, 268, 269, 398 Wiltshire, 77, 83, 244, 260, 267, 279, 310, 352, 385, 389, 396, 397, 456 Windmill Hill, Avebury, 186, 385 Winterbourn Bassett, 240 Winterbourn Stoke, 266, 277, 280, 309, 371, 466 Wishford, Great Bedwin, 111 Woodyates Barrow, 385, 397

WORCESTERSHIRE. Aldington, 426 Bewdley, 186 Doddenham, 230 Grimley, 186, 202 Lindridge, 427 Worcestershire, 393

YORKSHIRE. Acklam Wold, 140, 415 Aldro’, Malton, 205 Allerston, 189 Amotherby, Malton, 105, 379, 391 Athelney, 468 Baildon Common, 388 Barmston, 128 Barugh, 114 Bempton, 72 Birdsall, Malton, 126 Bishop’s Burton, 331 Bridlington, 124, 125, 176, 242, 251, 290, 295, 307, 322–324, 329, 332, 335, 339, 340, 581 Brompton, 386 Brompton Carr, 202 Broughton-in-Craven, 208, 269 Buckthorpe, 205 Butterwick, 374, 453 Calais Wold Barrow, Pocklington, 371, 377, 455 Carnaby Moor, 91, 115 Cawton, 206 Charleston, Bridlington, 176, 290, 291 Cleveland, 252 Cliffe, Carlebury, 389 Corbridge Fell, 244 Cowlam, 176, 207, 262, 267, 434 Coxwold, 206 Crambe, 125, 345 Crosby, Garrett Fell, 317 Dalton, 176 Danby, North Moors, 211 Drewton, North Cave, 269 Driffield, 280, 328, 456 Duggleby, 140 Easton, Bridlington, 128, 243 Egton, 459 Egton, Bridge, 462 Etton, 331 Fimber, 105, 140, 266, 337, 341, 356, 380, 393, 462 Flamborough, 225 Flixton, 335 Folkton Wold, 421 Fridaythorpe, 105 Fylingdales, 463 Ganthorpe, 181 Ganton, 94, 241 Ganton, Wold, 73, 89, 267, 335, 336, 356, 358 Garton, 91, 350 Gilling, Vale of Mowbray, 119, 120, 339 Grindale, Bridlington, 96, 249, 375 Gristhorpe Barrow, Scarborough, 279, 398 Harome, Ryedale, 133, 221, 343, 344 Helmsley, 239 Helperthorpe, 89, 177, 262, 302 Heslerton Carr, 120 Heslerton Wold, 202, 224, 357 Holme, Spalding Moor, 100, 117 Hull, 202 Hunmanby, 184, 187, 455 Huntow, Bridlington, 181, 243, 342, 572 Jervaux, Bedale, 204 Kelleythorpe, Driffield, 429 Kilham, 91 King’s Field, Bridlington, 91 Kirby Underdale, 91 Kirklington, 209 Lady Graves, Fimber, 91 Langdale End, 391 Leeds, 222 Malton, 46, 105, 128, 135 Marton, 332 Mennithorpe, 136 North Burton, 96 Northdale, Bridlington, 174, 334 Northdale Farm, Grindale, Bridlington, 378, 382, 392 North Holme, 128 Norton, Malton, 102 Nunnington, 104, 115, 116, 191 Osgodby, 122 Oulston, 106 Pickering, 148, 197, 207, 250, 253, 279, 291, 352, 459 Pilmoor, 128, 191 Potter Brompton Wold, 194, 332 Ravenhill Tumulus, Scarborough, 143 Robin Hood Butts, Scarborough, 330 Rochdale, 389 Rookdale, 396 Rudstone, 34, 176, 195, 230, 235, 245, 265, 295, 307, 308, 316, 330, 331, 334, 356, 384, 454, 467 Rye Bank, Ness, 119 Ryedale, 136, 344 Salton, 228 Sawdon, 89, 415 Scalby, Scarborough, 202 Scampston, 126, 438 Scamridge, 77, 246, 247, 335 Scamridge Dykes, 121 Scarborough, 160, 221, 269, 332 Seackleton, 191 Seamer, 91, 126 Seamer Moor, 96, 105, 148, 290, 371, 379, 399 Settle, 435 Settle, Victoria Cave at, 505, 524 Sewerby, Bridlington, 355 Sherburn, 34, 128, 295, 331, 391 Sherburn, Carr, 342 Sherburn, Wold, 333, 380, 385 Skelton Moors, 198, 211 Sledmere, 195 Snainton Moor, 333 South Back Lane, Bridlington, 129 South Dalton, Beverley, 190 Speeton, Bridlington, 125 Stainton Dale, Scarborough, 198 Stanwick, 210 Swinton, Malton, 121 Thixendale, 128 Thorn Marsh, 102 Thwing, 454 Topcliffe, 268 Uncleby, 96, 271, 283 Weapon Ness, 223 Weaverthorpe, 34, 243, 246, 266, 276, 300, 302, 331, 391, 439 Weaverthorpe Ling, 461 Westerdale Moors, 211 West Huntow, Bridlington, 334 Wetwang, 356 Whitby, 187, 191, 196, 295, 343, 459 Whitwell, 122 Willerby, 125 Willerby, Carr, 189, 228 Willerby, Wold, 89, 180, 334, 374 Wold Newton, 243 Wykeham Moor, 331 York, 92, 96, 150, 334 Yorkshire, 41, 77, 143, 177, 186, 200, 277, 279, 290, 304, 307, 331, 341, 345, 374, 377, 389, 391, 392, 393, 395, 420, 440–443 Yorkshire Barrows, 244, 245, 309, 432, 468 Yorkshire Wolds, 23, 30, 77, 89, 223, 248, 262, 266, 276, 290, 294, 301, 302, 303, 304, 308, 310, 311, 319, 322, 323, 324, 328, 329, 352, 356, 374, 376, 378, 379, 381, 382, 385, 389, 390, 400, 412, 415, 416

ISLE OF MAN. Cregneesh, 378 Isle of Man, 444 Port Erin, 378 Port St. Mary, 277

CHANNEL ISLANDS. Channel Islands, 57, 188 Guernsey, 127, 188, 401 Herm, 247 _La Roche qui sonne_, 464 St. Clement’s, Jersey, 396 St. Sampson, Guernsey, 141

RIVERS. Avon, Valley of, 626, 627, 632–634, 692 Axe, Valley of, 639 Beane, 602 Blackwater, 692 Bourne, Valley of, 631, 636, 637, 695 Bulbourne, Valley of, 597 Cam, Valley of, 538, 539 Chelmer, 578 Cherwell, 593 Colne, Valley of, 578, 597 Cray, Valley of, 604, 605 Culm, Valley of, 639 Darent, Valley of, 605–607, 609, 610 Gade, Valley of, 596, 597 Gipping, Valley of, 578 Goldstream, 574 Hamble, Valley of, 689 Hiz, Valley of, 536–538 Itchen, Valley of, 622, 688 Ivel, Valley of, 536–538 Kent, Valley of, 542 Kennet, 592 Lambourn, 126 Lark, Valley of, 499, 539–543, 554, 559, 681, 682 Lea, 229; Valley of, 586, 598, 602, 603 Linnet, 540 Little Ouse, Valley of, 551–559, 681–683, 707 Maran, Valley of, 602 Medway, Valley of, 608, 610 Misbourne, Valley of, 596 Nadder, 630 Nar, or Setchy, 572 Nene, 681 Oughton, 536 Ouse, Valley of, 530, 531, 680 Ravensbourne, Valley of, 604 Rea, Valley of, 578, 579 Severn, at Ribbesford, 210 Shode, Valley of, 608 Solent, Valley of the ancient, 635 Stort, Valley of, 602 Stour, Valley of, 578, 618, 619, 634, 687–692 Swale, Valley of, 686 Teise, Valley of, 610 Ter, Valley of, 578 Test, Valley of, 622, 688 Thames, 74, 75, 91, 123, 206, 222, 229, 350, 389, 431, 581; Valley of, 581, 604–607, 668, 685; at Battersea, 71, 237, 587, 588; Chelsea, 588; Coway Stakes, Egham, 110; Greenwich, 357; Hammersmith, 588; Hampton Court, 110; Kew, 161, 434; London, 100, 122, 195, 210, 213, 219, 350, 357; London Bridge, 351; Long Wittenbam, 337; Oxford, 594; Parliament Stairs, 194; Putney, 588; Reading, 143; Richmond, 588; Teddington, 100; Twickenham, 174; Wandsworth, 434, 588; Windsor, 227, 341, 431 Thet, 550 Trent, at Beeston, 210 Trent or Piddle, Valley of, 638, 692 Ver, Valley of, 597 Wandle, Valley of, 604 Waveney, Valley of, 573, 577, 578, 683, 684 Wear, 193 Wey, Valley of, 594–596 Wiley, Valley of, 628–630 Wissey, or Stoke, 572 Wye, 521

WALES. South Wales, 439

ANGLESEA. Amlwch Parys Mine, 234 Anglesea, 84, 104, 198, 236, 247, 251, 252, 257, 259, 260, 269, 309, 438, 450, 463 Caer Leb, Llanidan, 230, 468 Heneglwys, 281 Holyhead, Island of, 230, 244, 248, 254, 257, 264, 270, 309, 438, 455 Llangwyllog, 103, 460 Llanidan, 234 Old Geir, 234, 236, 249 Penmynydd, 468 Pen-y-bonc, Holyhead, 89, 230, 234, 247, 252, 442, 459 Ty Mawr, 230, 234, 248, 251, 252, 270, 438, 450, 466

BRECON. Hay, 328 Ty ddu Llanelieu, 353

CARDIGANSHIRE. Lampeter, 259 Llangynfelin Mine, 234

CARMARTHENSHIRE. Cae Gwyn, 521 Coygan Cave, 521 Ffynnon Beunos Cave, 521 Pont Newydd Cave, Cefn, 521

CARNARVONSHIRE. Aber, 262 Bangor, 279 Carreg-y-Saelhau, Aber, 262 Dwygyfylchi, 84 Llandudno, 233 Llanfairfechan, 198 Nantlle, 236 Pen-maen-mawr, 84, 450 Tomen-y-Mur, 433

DENBIGHSHIRE. Brynbugeilen, Llangollen, 279 Denbighshire, 244 Moel Fenlli, Ruthin, 239, 283 Pentrefoelas, 340 Rhos Digre, 126 Ty-newydd, Llansilin, 143

GLAMORGANSHIRE. Cardiff, 110 Llanmadock in Gower, 187 Long Hole, Gower, 520 Melyn Works, Neath, 125 Paviland Caves, 487, 520

MERIONETHSHIRE. Cader Idris, 198 Harlech, 279 Llanaber, 279 Maesmore, near Corwen, 226 Merionethshire, 279

MONTGOMERYSHIRE. Carno, 281, 389, 438 Llanbrynmair, 202 Llanidloes, 198 Llanrhaiadr-yn-Mochnant, 225 Rhayader, 230 Snow Brook Lead Mines, Plinlimmon, 234 Trefeglwys, 240, 342

PEMBROKESHIRE. Hoyle’s Mouth, Tenby, 521 Oyle Cave, Tenby, 521 Pembrokeshire, 230 St. Botolph’s Priory, 242 Tenby, 383

RADNOR. Abbey Cwm Hir, 230

SCOTLAND. Scotland, 123, 199, 200, 242, 245, 252, 255, 267, 269, 270, 322, 323, 338, 377, 378, 386, 419, 420, 437, 439, 442, 443, 469

ABERDEENSHIRE. Aberdeenshire, 22, 97, 103, 130, 149, 199, 236, 244, 250, 280, 333, 362, 377, 386, 444 Ashogall, Turriff, 224 Ballater, 421 Ballogie, 428 Balmoral, 444 Bogingarry, Old Deer, 89, 94 Brindy Hill, 117 Clashfarquhar, 280 Cloister-Seat Farm, Udny, 388 Corennie, Hill of, 413 Critchie, Inverurie, 197 Cromar, 291, 338, 388, 444 Crookmore, Tullynessle, 444 Cruden, 149, 388, 398, 425, 463 Don River, 22 Drumkesk, Aboyne, 444 Dudwick, 420 Ellon, 390 Fernie Brae, Slains, 138 Forgue, 388 Fyvie, 408, 428 Gallow Hill, Turriff, 224 Garioch, Chapel of, 420 Kildrummy, 388 Kinellar, 388 Kintore, 342, 388 Knockargity, 444 Leochel River, 22 Loch Skene, 463 Migvie, Tarland, 420 Newburgh, 68 Newton, 106 Old Deer, 35 Rothie, 459 Slains, 388 Strathdon, 388, 444 Tarland, 331, 388 Towie, 421 Turriff, 342 Tyrie, 237 Udny, 331 Ythanside, Gight, 230

ARGYLLSHIRE. Ardrossan, 198 Argyllshire, 242, 280 Campbelton, Kintire, 143 Inveraray, 211 Island of Coll, 241 Islay, 442 Southend, Kintire, 143 Strachur, 338

AYRSHIRE. Ardrossan, 198 Ayrshire, 310, 388 Kilmarnock, 386, 420 Kirkmichael, 353 Lochlee, 247 Maybole, 440 Middleton, Stevenston, 198 Stevenston, 456

BANFF. Alvah, 388 Balveny, 357 Banff, 280, 377, 387, 444 Bowiebank, King Edward, 388 Cullen, cave near, 252 Cullen of Buchan, 388 Cullen, Bin of, 280 Eden, 388 Forglen, 296 Glen Avon, 388 Glenlivet, 386 Lesmurdie, 282, 388 Longman, Macduff, 230, 388 Mains of Auchmedden, 388 Montblairy, 386, 420 Mortlach, 388

BERWICKSHIRE. Berwickshire, 108, 130 Butterlaw, Coldstream, 338 Dunse Castle, 202 Fireburn Mill, Coldstream, 189 Lamberton Moor, 264

BUTE. Ambrisbeg Hill, 128 Isle of Arran, 225, 280 Mountstuart, 460

CAITHNESS. Aucorn, 451 Breckigoe, 195 Caithness, 129, 221, 222, 281, 291, 376, 388, 444, 451 Camster, 338 Horned Cairn of Get, Garrywhin, 376 Kettleburn, 259, 440 Ormiegill Ulbster, 338 Wick, 208, 220, 252, 451

CLACKMANNAN. Alloa, 230 Tillicoultry, 280 Tillicoultry Bridge, 199

CROMARTYSHIRE. Cat’s Cairn, 149

DUMFRIESSHIRE. Annandale, 195 Dumfriesshire, 420 Gretna Green, 388 Mains, Dumfries, 108 Robgill, 388 Ruthwell, 388

EAST LOTHIAN. East Lothian, 259 Gilmerton, 103, 130 Longniddry, 213 Pencaitland, 463 Stenton, 269, 332

EDINBURGH. Edinburgh, 259 Leith, 200 Redhall, 106 Trinity, 142

ELGIN (see also MORAYSHIRE) Culbin Sands, 249, 280, 295, 319, 320, 324, 331, 339, 372, 377, 388 Elgin, 280, 377 Fochabers, 112 Rafford, 459 Urquhart, 90, 226, 280, 310, 328, 331, 338, 376, 377, 378, 386, 388, 394, 395

FIFE. Balmerino, 202 Dairsie, 388 Dunfermline, 109 Dunino, 270 Fifeshire, 126, 241 Kirkcaldy, 112, 120 Ormiston Abdie, 190 St. Andrew’s, Lhanbryd, 388 Tay River, near Newburgh, 184 Tayfield, 457, 475

FORFARSHIRE. Aberlemno, 459 Balcalk, Tealing, 460 Carmyllie, 388 Dundee, 89, 92, 114 Dundee Law, 453 Dunnichen, 270 Drumour, Glenshee, 119, 133 East Braikie, 420 Forfarshire, 128, 230, 390, 444, 451, 469 Glamis, 224 Glenshee, 151, 154 Guthrie, 353 Letham, 450 Leuchland Toll, Brechin, 459 Lunan-head, 457 Montrose, Tidal Basin at, 224

HADDINGTON. Gullane Links, 310 Nunraw, 353

INVERNESS. Abernethy, 388 Ballachulish, 231, 386 Daviot, 107, 135, 149, 254 Druim-a-shi, Culloden, 112, 149 Roy Bridge, 259

KINCARDINE. Arbuthnot, 388 Bervie, 388 Cleugh, Glenbervie, 230 Dunnottar Castle, 242 Fordoun, 91, 388, 413, 459 Garvoch Hill, 421 Little Barras, Drumlithie, 138 Pitlochrie, 230, 342 Tullo of Garvoch, 420

KINROSS. Lochleven, 114

KINTIRE. West Coast of, 263

KIRKCUDBRIGHT. Balmaclellan, New Galloway, 219, 259 Borness, 270 Castle Douglas, 202 Kelton, 199 Parton, 451

LANARKSHIRE. Aikbrae, Culter, 179, 201 Biggar, 420 Braidwood, 388 Carluke, 242, 388 Crawfurd Moor, 454 Culter, 230, 237, 242, 442 Dolphinton, 154 Glasgow, 129, 150 Lanark, 280, 342, 387, 396 Lesmahago, 456

LINLITHGOW. Dalmeny, 113 Silvermine, Torphichen, 200

MIDLOTHIAN. Cobbinshaw Loch, West Calder, 184

MORAYSHIRE. Elchies, 388 Keith, 388 Morayshire, 377, 444 Old Town of Roseisle, 388

NAIRN. Cawdor Castle, 434

PEEBLES. Linton, 388 South Slipperfield, West Linton, 91

PERTHSHIRE. Aberfeldy, 109 Abernethy, 187 Benlochy, Blairgowrie, 250 Doune, 224 Dunning, 240 Dunsinane, 259 Needless, 444 Perth, 281, 444 Pitlochrie, 230 Rattray, 109 Tay, near Mugdrum Island, 194

RENFREWSHIRE. Houstoun, 459

ROSS-SHIRE. Assynt, 457 Dalmore, Alness, 331, 425 Flowerburn, 318 Fyrish, Evantown, 425 Kinlochew, 91 Standing Stones of Rayne, 42

ROXBURGHSHIRE. Craigfordmains, 296, 335 Cunzierton, Jedburgh, 109 Lempitlaw, 119 Roxburgh, 112, 280 Sprouston, Kelso, 115, 206 Teindside, Minto, 318

SELKIRKSHIRE. Philiphaugh, 244, 388 Yarrow, 456

STIRLINGSHIRE. Blair-Drummond, 222, 346 Craigengelt, 194, 353 Falkirk, Carse of, 488 Fochabers, 112 Killearn, 387, 388 Meiklewood, 346 Stirling, 133 Stirlingshire, 118, 132 Tappock, Torwood, 463

SUTHERLANDSHIRE. Golspie, 391 Kintradwell, 271 Melness, 142 Sutherland, 444 Torrish, 457

WIGTOWNSHIRE. Baldoon, 256 Burgh-head, 388 Claycrop, Kirkinner, 220 Dowalton, Sorbie, 440 Earlston, 339 Ervie, Glenluce, 154 Goldenoch Moor, 240, 241 Glenluce, 109, 263, 269, 280, 296, 339, 376, 377, 388, 391, 428, 455, 464, 466 Kirklauchline, 131, 135 Machermore Loch, 241 Portpatrick, 230 Sorbie, 194 Stranraer, 259 West Calder, 466 Wick, 252, 451 Wigtownshire, 199, 234, 247, 310, 466

HEBRIDES. Broadford Bay, Isle of Skye, 425, 427 Coll, Island of, 241 Harris, Island of, 437 Hebrides, 252, 258 Lewis, Island of, 348, 437 Mull, Isle of, 428 Skye, Isle of, 112, 117, 386, 387, 421, 444 South Uist, Isle of, 440 Western Islands, 470

ORKNEYS. Blows Moss, South Ronaldsay, 353 Firth, 221, 238 Lingrow, Broch of, Scapa, 221, 271, 416 Northmavine, 76 Orem’s Fancy, Stronsay, 468 Orkneys, 97, 150, 171, 255, 257, 280, 345, 348, 421, 440, 443, 451 Quoyness, Sanday, 255 Rousay, 328 Shapinsay, 269, 387 Skaill, Underground House of, 255, 281 Skara, Skaill, 264, 450 Stronsay, 206 Unstan Cairn, 372, 415

SHETLAND ISLANDS. Bressay, 256 Clickemin, Lerwick, 138 Cunningsburgh, 128 Easterskild, Sandsting, 346 Firth, 221 Hillswick, 345 Lerwick, 130 Lunnasting, 124 Sand Lodge, 440 Sandsting, 124, 346 Sandwick, 190 Scarpiegarth, 221 Selter, Walls, 124 Shetland, 116, 122, 123, 124, 130, 135, 138, 150, 208, 221, 234, 236, 252, 255, 345, 346–8, 353, 444, 451 Tresta, Aithsting, 124 Trondra, 124 Unst, Isle of, 450 West Burrafirth, 116 Whiteness, 224 Yell, Isle of, 124