Chapter 33
Part 33
Henry II. Fitz-Empress born, i. 268; Eadward’s prophecy fulfilled in, 1; Witan swear fealty to, 269; his early life, 372–374; tutors, 375, 376; goes to England, 334; returns to Anjou, 343; duke of Normandy, 369, 377; goes to England, 377; knighted, _ib._; returns, 378; besieges Torigni, 386, 405; does homage to Louis, 388; marries Eleanor, 393; ignores Louis’s jurisdiction, 394; war with Louis and Geoffrey, 395; lands in England, 396; besieges Malmesbury, 397; colloquy at Wallingford, _ib._; treaty with Stephen, 400, 401; receives homage, 402; plot to kill him, 403; returns to Gaul, _ib._; effects of his visit to England, _ib._; resumes Norman demesnes, 404; peace with Louis, 405; comes to England, _ib._; crowned, _ib._; his work, 407; person and character, 408–411, 414–417; court, 411–413; first ministers, 417, 418; relations with Becket, 420, 423–427; charter, 427; settlement of the country, _ib._; of the succession, 429; subdues William of Aumale, 428; and Hugh of Mortemer, 429; holds court at S. Edmund’s, 430; goes to Anjou, 431; scheme for conquering Ireland, _ib._, ii. 95; effects of his first two years’ work in England, i. 431–434; returns, 434; demands Northumberland etc., 435; receives Malcolm’s homage, 438; wears his crown at Wigford, _ib._, 439; at Worcester, 439; his position compared with Cnut’s, 2, 440, 441; relations with France, 441, 442; does homage, 443; subdues Geoffrey, 444, 445; proposes for Margaret as wife for his son, 446; seneschal of France, 450; grants Britanny to Conan and obtains Nantes, 451; designs on Britanny, 452, 453; claims Toulouse, 458; great scutage, 459–461; his allies, 462, 463; knights Malcolm, 464; takes Cahors and threatens Toulouse, _ib._; withdraws, 465; treaty, 467; quarrel with Thomas, 469; drives Louis from Chaumont, 471; principle of his reforms, 474; projects of crusade, 453, 497; attitude towards the religious revival, 497; relations with Adrian IV., _ib._; with Germany, 499, 502; acknowledges Alexander III. as Pope, 502; appoints Thomas archbishop, ii. 1; meets Alexander and Louis, 13; goes to England, _ib._; receives homage of Welsh princes at Woodstock, 14; quarrel with Thomas, 15, 16; plans of reform in criminal legislature, 17–20; propounds his grandfather’s customs at Westminster, 22; meets Thomas at Northampton, 23; at Oxford, 24; publishes constitutions of Clarendon, 26; meets Thomas at Woodstock, 31, 32; council of Northampton, 32–40; sends envoys to the Pope, 41; confiscates the primate’s estates and banishes his friends, 42; effects of the quarrel, 46–49; goes to Normandy, 54; receives envoys from the Emperor, 55, 60; plans for his children, 57, 60; conquers Britanny, 57, 58; correspondence with Arthur, 57 note 2{226}, 447; meets Raymond, 58; attempt to divorce him from Eleanor, 61; does homage at Montmirail, _ib._, 62; holds council at Chinon, 64; appeals to Rome, 65; drives Thomas from Pontigny, 68; meets him at Montmirail, 69; meets Louis and Thomas at Montmartre, 71; at Fréteval, 73; meets Thomas at Tours and Chaumont, 74; goes to Rocamadour, _ib._; rash words at Bures, 78; absolved, 81; promises help to Dermot, 99; forbids the war in Ireland, 108; summons Richard of Striguil to Wales, 112; goes to Ireland, 80, 113; his fleet, 112; Irish princes submit to, 114; settlement of Ireland, 117; of Dublin, 118; goes to Normandy, 119; relations with the barons, 120, 121, 126, 128; legal and administrative reforms, 122–127; inquest on Norman demesnes, 128; alliance with Maurienne, 131; receives homage of Toulouse, 133; quarrel with young Henry, 134, 135; revolt against, 141; visits England, 143; his adherents, 144–146; takes Dol, 148; meets Louis, _ib._; subdues rebels in Touraine, 151; regains Saintes, 157; returns to England, 158; pilgrimage to Canterbury, 159; receives news of William’s capture, 160; takes Huntingdon and subdues Hugh Bigod, 163; relieves Rouen, 164; subdues Poitou, 165; reconciled with his sons, _ib._; treaty with William the Lion, 166; treatment of the rebels, 167; end of the struggle, 166, 168; his position after it, 169; administrative work in England, 170–178; his forest visitations, 171; receives homage for Scotland, 178; dealings with Wales, i. 435–437; ii. 179–181, 237, 453, 455; treaty with Roderic O’Conor, ii. 182; appoints John king of Ireland, 184; character of his empire, 185–187; continental policy, 188–191; arbitrates between Castille and Navarre, 190; administration in Normandy, 192–194; buildings, 196, 197; religious foundations, 197 and note 4{948}; hospitals, 198, 199; _Levée_, 200; bridges, _ib._; relations with Aquitaine, 203, 205; quarrel with Louis, 212; treaty, 213; takes Châteauroux, _ib._; buys La Marche, 214; house of Blois seek his help, 217; makes peace in France, _ib._, 219; tries to make peace among his sons, 224; summons a conference at Mirebeau, 225; besieges Limoges, _ib._; arrests rebel leaders of 1173, 226; forgives young Henry, 227; Aquitaine submits to, 230; interview with Bertrand de Born, 231; homage to Philip, 232; proposes to transfer Aquitaine to John, 233, 242; makes John governor of Ireland, 234; mediates between France and Flanders, 235; receives submission of Galloway, 237; receives the patriarch Heraclius, 240; meets Philip, 244; marches into Berry, 245; truce, 246; reinstates Richard in Aquitaine, 247; meets Philip, 248; takes the cross, 249; musters his forces in Normandy, 252; meets Philip, 253; conference at Bonmoulins, 254; goes into Aquitaine, 256; meets Richard, _ib._; goes to Le Mans, 257; conference at La Ferté, _ib._; flies, 259–262; returns to Anjou, 262; goes to Chinon and Azay, 263; submits to Philip at Colombières, 265, 266; learns John’s treason, 267; last days, 268; death, 269; burial, 270, 272; points out Arthur’s tomb, 447; grants trading privileges to Chester, 484; grants burial-grounds to the Jews, 486
Henry, second son of Henry II. and Eleanor, born, i. 429, 445; betrothal, 446, 448; does homage for Normandy, 468; marriage, 470; intrusted to Thomas for education, 471, 472; recognised heir to the crown, 472, 473; receives homage of Malcolm IV., ii. 15; withdrawn from Thomas, 23; homage at Montmirail, 62; receives Geoffrey’s homage for Britanny, _ib._; officiates as seneschal and does homage to Philip, _ib._; crowned, 72; crowned again, 81; rebels, 129, 130; flies to France, 134; threatens to invade England, 158, 162; reconciled, 165; receives homage of William the Lion, 178; joins Richard in Aquitaine, 209, 210; besieges Châteauroux, 211; at crowning of Philip Augustus, 216, 218, 219; character, 221; quarrel with Richard, 222; enters Aquitaine, 223; confesses his league with the Poitevins, 224; holds Limoges against his father, 225; driven thence, 226; plunders Grandmont, _ib._; and Rocamadour, 227; death, _ib._, 228; burial, 230, 232
Henry III., Emperor, i. 176
Henry V., Emperor, i. 241, 242
Henry VI., Emperor, his claims on Sicily, ii. 319; demands for Richard’s ransom, 324, 325; negotiates with Philip and John, 327; grants Burgundian kingdom to Richard, 331; conquers Sicily, 371, 372; stirs up Richard against France, 372; dies, _ib._
Henry I., king of France, joins Odo II. against Fulk Nerra, i. 163; tries to drive Odo from Sens, 164; revolt against, 177, 178; grants Tours to Geoffrey Martel, 178; relations with Normandy and Anjou, 207, 210; visits Angers, 213; invades Normandy, _ib._; defeated at Varaville, _ib._, 214; dies, 214
Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester, his early life, i. 347; supports Stephen, 277, 279; legate, 305; summons Stephen before a council at Winchester, 305; advice at siege of Arundel, 309; escorts Matilda to Bristol, 310; receives her at Winchester, 321; holds council there, 322; again declares for Stephen, 324, 325; his fortress of Wolvesey, 325; besieged, 326; fires the city, _ib._; holds council at Westminster and again proclaims Stephen, 329, 330; his Church policy, 348; character, 349; position as legate, _ib._, 350; elected to Canterbury, 350; rivalry with Theobald, 351; loses the legation, 356; goes to Rome, _ib._; founds S. Cross, 357; suspended, 368; appeals, 381; absolved, _ib._; consecrates S. Thomas, ii. 5; at council of Northampton, 35, 36, 37, 41; dies, 80
Henry the Liberal, count of Champagne, joins invasion of Normandy, i. 394; betrothed to Mary of France, 445
Henry II., count of Champagne, king of Jerusalem, ii. 321
Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, betrothed to Matilda, daughter of Henry II., ii. 55; married, 59, 60; exiled 238, 257; regains his lands, 319
Henry, son of David king of Scots, made earl of Carlisle and Huntingdon, i. 282; Northumberland promised to, 286; at battle of the Standard, 290, 291; earl of Northumberland, 300; at siege of Ludlow, 301, 302; dies, 399
Henry of Albano, legate, ii. 256, 257
Henry of Essex, constable, i. 434; drops standard at Consilt, 436, 437; present in war of Toulouse, 466; defeated in ordeal of battle, ii. 61
Henry Fitz-Aylwine, mayor of London, ii. 472; his assize, 485
Henry of Huntingdon, i. 82, 83, 94
Henry Murdac, abbot of Fountains, i. 365; opposes S. William, _ib._; archbishop of York, 366; his troubles in Yorkshire, 367, 380; reconciled to the king and enthroned, 381; goes to Rome, _ib._; opposes election of Hugh of Puiset to Durham, 399, 400; death, 400
Henry of Pisa, cardinal, ii. 2
Heraclius, patriarch of Jerusalem, ii. 240
Herbert I. Wake-dog, count of Maine, saves Fulk at Pontlevoy, i. 157, 158; his surname, 159; imprisoned by Fulk, _ib._; quarrels with Bp. Avesgaud, _ib._ note 4{343}, 204; death, 204; daughters, 254, 255
Herbert II., count of Maine, i. 216
Herbert Bacco usurps the county of Maine, i. 204; quarrels with Bishop Gervase, 205; expelled, _ib._
Herbert Lozinga, bishop of Thetford, removes his see to Norwich, i. 41
Herbert, bishop of Salisbury, withstands Hubert Walter, ii. 350
Herbert of Bosham, ii. 9, 10, 38, 40, 75; verdict on the Becket quarrel, 47
Hereford, i. 36; castle seized by Geoffrey Talbot, 294; yields to Stephen, 295. _See_ Gilbert, Miles, Robert, Roger
Herispoë, king of Britanny, i. 130, 203
Hermengard of Anjou, daughter of Geoffrey Greygown and wife of Conan of Rennes, i. 121, 135
Hermengard (Adela) of Anjou, daughter of Fulk Nerra, wife of Geoffrey of Gâtinais, i. 214, 249
Hermengard of Anjou, daughter of Fulk Rechin, marries Alan Fergant, duke of Britanny, i. 328 note 4{930}
Hermengard of Beaumont, wife of William the Lion, ii. 237
Hermengard of Bourbon, second wife of Fulk Rechin, i. 224
Hervey of Glanville, i. 362
Hervey of Lions, i. 321
Hervey of Mountmorris, ii. 101, 112
Hicmar, legate, i. 364
_Higra_, the, i. 34
Hilary, bishop of Chichester, ii. 24, 39
Hildegard, wife of Fulk III. of Anjou, i. 154, 165, 168
_Historia Comitum Andegavensium_, its authorship and character, i. 126, 127
History, English, under Henry I., i. 81–83, 87–91; decay during the anarchy, ii. 438; new school of, under Henry II., 439–445; romantic school, 445, 449
Hoel, duke of Britanny, i. 222
Hoel I., count of Nantes, i. 117, 121
Hoel II., count of Nantes, i. 212
Hoel of Rennes, count of Nantes, i. 449
Holy Land, _see_ Jerusalem
Hommet, _see_ Richard
Hospitaliers, i. 357
Hospitals founded in Stephen’s reign, i. 357; Henry II., ii. 198, 199
Houses, English, in twelfth century, i. 54, 55
Howden, _see_ Roger
Hrolf the Ganger, i. 111, 124, 203
Hubert Walter, dean of York, ii. 278; bishop of Salisbury, _ib._, 333; elected to Canterbury, 326; justiciar, _ib._; suppresses revolt, 327; early life, 332, 333; rivals, 334–336; legate, 336; his policy, _ib._; administration, 337–341, 348, 352–354; fires Bow church and hangs William Fitz-Osbert, 347; defeated in council at Oxford, 349, 350; expedition to Wales, 351; resigns the justiciarship, _ib._, 354, 355; negotiates with Philip, 374; regent for John, 390, 391; crowns him, 392; chancellor, _ib._; persuades John to dismiss the host, 427; dies, 428; his proposed college, 437
Hubert de Burgh, ii. 400, 407, 408, 426
Hugh, S., bishop of Lincoln, excommunicates the De Clères, ii. 306; withstands Hubert Walter, 349; buries Richard, 386; dies, 399
Hugh of Nonant, bishop of Chester or Coventry, ii. 280, 293, 306, 310, 329; his scheme of “new foundation,” 436
Hugh of Puiset, treasurer of York, excommunicated, i. 367; absolved, 382; bishop of Durham, 399, 400; rebels, ii. 140, 141; makes a truce with the Scots, 151; fortifies Northallerton, 152; calls in the Flemings, 162; submits, 163; takes the cross, 248; justiciar, 279; earl of Northumberland, 280; character and antecedents, 283–285; quarrels with the chancellor, 288, 291, 292; relations with York, 303, 304; quarrel with Geoffrey, 313, 316; mission to France, 316; besieges Tickhill, 323, 327, 328; resigns Northumberland, 330; tries to regain it, 335; dies, 336; his _Boldon Buke_, 478–480
Hugh, duke of Burgundy, i. 103, 104
Hugh the Great, duke of the French, i. 112, 123, 124, 204
Hugh Capet, duke of the French, i. 120, 124, 141, 142; king, 125
Hugh I. count of Maine, i. 124; subdued by Fulk the Black, 159; dies, 156
Hugh II. count of Maine, set aside by Herbert Bacco, i. 204; restored, 205; marriage and death, 206
Hugh of Este, count of Maine, i. 221, 224
Hugh the Poor, earl of Bedford, i. 320
Hugh Bigod, i. 278; revolts against Stephen, 284; earl of Norfolk, 430; revolts against Henry, ii. 139; takes Norwich, 155; submits, 163; his punishment, 167
Hugh, earl of Chester, rebels against Henry II., ii. 138; taken prisoner, 148; restored, 167
Hugh Bardulf, ii. 283, 330, 335
Hugh of Beauvais, seneschal of France, i. 155
Hugh of Gournay, ii. 146, 403
Hugh de Lacy, ii. 113, 116; governor in Ireland, 117; with Henry in Normandy, 145, 147; viceroy again, 185; slain, 242, 243
Hugh IX., the Brown, of Lusignan, ii. 398
Hugh X. of Lusignan, ii. 398, 405
Hugh of Ste.-Maure, ii. 129, 136
Hugh of Mortemer, i. 429, 430
Hugh de Morville, ii. 78
Hugh of Sillé, ii. 137
Huitdeniers, _see_ Osbern
Humbert, count of Maurienne, ii. 132, 133, 134
Humfrey de Bohun, constable, ii. 113, 145, 149
Hungary, _see_ Bela
Huntingdon, siege of, ii. 154, 156; surrenders, 163; earldom of, i. 282, ii. 154; weavers at, i. 30, 52. _See_ Henry, Simon
Hyde abbey, i. 31
Ilchester, _see_ Richard
Ingebiorg of Denmark, second wife of Philip Augustus, ii. 395
Ingelger, son of Tortulf, i. 105, 114, 128–131, 182
Ingelger, son of Fulk the Red, i. 112
Inispatrick, synod at, ii. 94
Innocent II., Pope, i. 299, 351, 355; ii. 93
Innocent III., Pope, ii. 351
Inquest, _see_ Jury
Investitures, i. 15–18
Ireland, English trade with, i. 32, 35, ii. 87; northmen in, ii. 82–86; civil wars in, 89–91; Henry II.’s proposal to conquer, 95, 431; plans of Eugene III. and S. Bernard for, 95; bull for its conquest, i. 431, 486, ii. 96; Henry II. in, ii. 113–118; condition in his later years, 181–185; John made governor of, 234; John in, 242; Gerald’s treatises on, 457, 458. _See_ Brian, Dermot, Donell, Malachi, Murtogh, Niall, Roderic, Terence. _See also_ Church
Isaac, king of Cyprus, ii. 317, 319
Isabel of Angoulême, ii. 398; married to John, 399
Isabel de Clare, wife of William the Marshal, ii. 274
Isabel de Warren, ii. 29
Issoudun, ii. 361. _See_ Ralf
Ivo of Grandmesnil, i. 10
Jane, third daughter of Henry II., betrothed to William II. of Sicily, ii. 60; marries him, 189, 190; marries Raymond VI. of Toulouse, 371; dies, 397
Jane of Montferrat, wife of William the Clito, i. 243
Jerusalem, kingdom of, condition under the Angevin kings, ii. 239; taken by Saladin, 247. _See_ Baldwin, Fulk, Guy, Henry, Melisenda, Sibyl
Jews in England, i. 27, 46, 53; under Henry II., ii. 486; burial-grounds granted to, _ib._; massacres of, 289, 290; relations with the Christians, 487, 488; ordinance for their bonds, 488, 489
Joceas of Dinan, i. 301
Jocelyn, bishop of Salisbury, ii. 37, 67, 76
Jocelyn de Balliol, ii. 66
John “Lackland,” son of Henry II. and Eleanor, born, ii. 130; betrothed to Alice of Maurienne, 132–134; to Avice of Gloucester, 184; appointed king of Ireland, _ib._; proposal to give him Aquitaine, 233; knighted and sent to Ireland, 234; his misconduct in Ireland, 242; recalled, _ib._; proposal to crown him, _ib._, 244; his treason discovered, 267; reconciled to Richard, 274; treats with Rees, 280; his lands in England, 282; marries Avice, _ib._; his power in England, 293; quarrels with the chancellor, 297–301; calls up the barons against him, 307; enters London, 309; appointed regent, 310; alliance with Philip, 314, 323; its terms, 363; acknowledged heir by the English barons, 314; negotiates with the chancellor, 315; struggle with the justiciars, 323; truce, 324; charged with treason, 329; reconciled to Richard, 334; helps him against Philip, 369; acknowledged in Anjou, 388; invested as duke of Normandy, _ib._, 389; burns Le Mans, 390; goes to England, 391; crowned, 391–393; administrative arrangements, 393; quarrel with Philip, 394; treaty, 395, 397; visits England, 396; receives Arthur’s homage, 397; Raymond’s, _ib._; does homage to Philip, _ib._; divorces Avice, 398; marries Isabel, 398, 399; crowned with her, 399; meets the Scot king at Lincoln, _ib._; founds Beaulieu abbey, 400; crowned at Canterbury, _ib._; summons the barons to Portsmouth, _ib._; goes to Paris, 401; seizes Driencourt, _ib._; charges the Poitevin barons with treason, _ib._, 402; cited to the French king’s court, 402; condemned to forfeiture, 403; sends troops into Britanny, 404; relieves Mirebeau and captures Arthur, 406; destroys Tours, 407; quarrels with Otto, _ib._; cited by Philip for murder, 408; condemned, _ib._; his apathy, 410; plan for relief of Les Andelys, 413, 414; letter to garrison of Château-Gaillard, 419; goes to England, _ib._, 420; sends ambassadors to Philip, 424; summons the host and dismisses it, 427; sails to La Rochelle, 428; takes Angers, _ib._; flies back to England, _ib._; comment on Hubert Walter’s death, 428, 429; charter to London, 471, 472
John of Anagni, legate, ii. 257, 258
John of Canterbury, i, 354; treasurer of York, 477; ii. 19; bishop of Poitiers, ii. 30, 209
John de Courcy, ii. 184, 242
John of La Flèche, i. 222
John of Marmoutier, i. 126, 127
John the Marshal, ii. 32, 33, 260
John Oldman, ii. 157
John of Oxford excommunicated, ii. 66; negotiations at Rome, 68; escorts Thomas to England, 75, 77; bishop of Norwich, 176
John Paparo, cardinal, legate to Ireland, i. 380; ii. 94
John of Salisbury, his studies and early life, i. 480–483; enters Abp. Theobald’s household, 483; becomes his secretary, 484; character, 484, 485; relations with Adrian IV., 485, 486; with Theobald, 486, 504; _Polycraticus_, 486–191; _Metalogicus_, 504; exiled, ii. 30; brings bull “Laudabiliter,” 96
John Scotus, i. 86, 87
John, count of Vendôme, ii. 137, 151
John the Wode, ii. 106
John, S., knights of, _see_ Hospitaliers
Jouin-de-Marne, S., battle of, i. 174
Judges, _see_ Justices
Judicaël, bishop and count of Nantes, i. 148
Juhel Berenger, count of Rennes, i. 116
Julian, S., of Le Mans, i. 202
_Juliomagus_, _see_ Angers
Jury, the grand, ii. 338
Jury-inquest, ii. 122, 123, 353, 354
Justices itinerant under Henry I., i. 26; under Henry II., 433, 434; ii. 124, 125, 173–177; commission of 1194, 337; circuit of 1198, 356
Justiciar, the, his office, i. 21. _See_ Hubert, Hugh, Ralf, Richard, Robert, Roger, Walter, William
Kavanagh, _see_ Donell
Kells, synod at, ii. 94
Ketel of S. Edmund’s, ii. 472
Kinardferry, ii. 152, 155
King’s Court, the, i. 20, 21; its judicial work, 25; Henry II.’s changes in, ii. 174, 175
Kinsellagh, ii. 100
Kirkham priory, i. 67
Lacy, _see_ Hugh, Roger
L’Aigle, _see_ Richer
Lakenheath, dispute about market at, ii. 482, 483
Lambert, count of the Angevin march, i. 101, 130
Lambert, count of Autun, i. 121, 134, 135
Lambeth, college at, ii. 437
Landry of Châteaudun, i. 156, 193, 194
Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, consecrates Patrick to Dublin, ii. 89
Langley, _see_ Nicolas
Laon, canons of, their journey in England, i. 30–35
Laurence, archbishop of Dublin, ii. 105, 108, 110
Law, canon, introduced into England, i. 378; Roman civil, 379; study of, in the schools, ii. 466
Layamon, ii. 491, 492
Leather-sellers’ gild at Oxford, i. 30
Legates in England, i. 350. _See_ Alberic, Gilbert, Henry, Hicmar, John, Malachi, Peter, Theobald, Thomas, William
Leia, _see_ Peter
Leicester, siege of, ii. 146, 147. _See_ Robert, Petronilla
Leinster, _see_ Dermot
Leopold, duke of Austria, ii. 319, 371
Lespec, _see_ Walter
_Levée_, the, on the Loire, ii. 200
_Liber Niger Scaccarii_, ii. 125
_Liber Niger_, _see_ Peterborough
Lichfield, i. 40
Lidford, gild at, ii. 469
Lidorius, S., bishop of Tours, i. 179
Limerick, ii. 83. _See_ Donell, Gilbert
Limoges besieged by Henry II., ii. 225; plundered by the young king, 226; surrenders, 230. _See_ Ademar, Guy
Lincoln, i. 38–40; weavers at, 30, 52; merchant gild, 40; castle seized by Ralf of Chester, 315; besieged by Stephen, _ib._; battle of, 316–320, 344–346; sacked by Earl Robert, 320; castle again seized by Ralf, 334; given up to Stephen, 336; Stephen at, 337; Henry II. at, 438; castle besieged by William of Longchamp, ii. 299; John at, 399; minster-library, 464, 465; Richard’s charter to, 470. _See_ Aaron, Alexander, Geoffrey, Hugh, Remigius, Robert, William
Lions, _see_ Hervey
Lisbon won by English crusaders, i. 363
Lisieux, council at, i. 392. _See_ Arnulf
Lisoy of Bazogers, commandant of Amboise and Loches, i. 157, 184, 185; advice to Geoffrey Martel, 185; captures Theobald, 186
Literature, revival of, under Henry I., i. 80–95; under the Angevins, ii. 439–460, 491–492
Loches, i. 110, 153; treaty of, 187; pledged to Philip, ii. 364; taken by Richard, 366; taken by Philip, 426. _See_ Lisoy, Thomas
Lodden, conferences at the, ii. 307, 308
Lombard, _see_ Peter
London, its growing importance, i. 31; walls and castles, 44; cathedral, folkmoot, portreeve, sheriffs, 45; fires, _ib._, 55; weavers, 30, 52, ii. 481; constitution under William I., i. 45; under Henry I., _ib._, 46; Jews in, 46; suburbs, _ib._, 47; schools, 47; character of its citizens, 47, 48; Normans in, 48, 49; trade, 49; claim of its citizens to elect the king, 277; loyal to Stephen, 313; submits to the Empress, 323; expels her, 324; citizens at siege of Winchester, 326; hospitals in, 357; councils at, 381, 390, 429; ii. 314; tumults in (1173), ii. 156–157; meeting of barons at, 309, 310, 311; the commune, 309, 310, 344; rising under William Fitz-Osbert, 345–347; gilds in, 469; constitution under Henry II., Richard and John, 471, 472; foreign commerce, 485; gildhall of German merchants, _ib._; stone bridge, _ib._, 486. _See_ Andrew, Gilbert, Henry, Richard, Serlo, Thomas, Westminster
Longchamp, _see_ William
Lorraine, i. 120
Lothar, king of West-Frankland, i. 119, 120, 122
Lothar, _see_ Innocent III.
Lotharingia, i. 120
Loudun, i. 123, 124, 139, 394, 444
Louis the Gentle, Emperor, partition of his realms, i. 98, 99
Louis From-beyond-sea, King of West Frankland, i. 112, 113; Fulk’s letter to, 114; dies, 119
Louis the Lazy (_Fainéant_), King of West Frankland, i. 123; marriage, 191; death, 125
Louis VI., King of France, his policy, i. 230; supports William Clito, 235; defeated at Brenneville, 237; treaty with Henry, 238; marches against the Emperor, 241; grants Flanders to Clito, 243
Louis VII., King of France, his quarrel with Blois and alliance with Anjou, i. 342; helps Geoffrey to conquer Normandy, _ib._; grants him its investiture, 343; takes the cross, 361; marries Eleanor, 383; strife with Blois, 384; attacks Normandy, 385; dealings with Geoffrey and Eustace, 386, 387; grants Normandy etc. to Henry, 388, 389; divorces Eleanor, 392; cites Henry to his court, 393; war in Normandy, 395; receives Henry’s homage, 443; marries Constance, 446; makes Henry seneschal, 450; proposed crusade in Spain, 453, 497; claims on Toulouse, 457; throws himself into Toulouse, 464; attacks Normandy, 466; treaty, 467; marries Adela, 468; alliance with Blois, 469, 471; driven from Chaumont, 471; acknowledges Alexander III. as Pope, 502; meets Alexander and Henry at Chouzy, ii. 13; threatens war in Auvergne, 31; welcomes Thomas, 42; his view of the Becket quarrel, 53, 54; receives homage of the two Henrys and grants Aquitaine to Richard, 62; meets Henry at Montmartre, 71; Fréteval, 73; supports young Henry’s revolt, 135, 136; attacks Normandy, 143; burns Verneuil, 147; meets Henry II. at Gisors, 148; besieges Rouen, 164; truce, 165; renewed quarrel, 212; treaty, 213; pilgrimage to Canterbury, 216; dies, 219
Louis, son of Philip Augustus, ii. 395, 397
Lucius II., Pope, i. 356, 360
Lucy, _see_ Richard
Ludlow, i. 301
Lupicar, ii. 413
Lusignan, _see_ Geoffrey, Guy, Hugh
Mabel of Glamorgan, wife of Robert, earl of Gloucester, i. 294, 328
MacCarthy, _see_ Dermot
MacMurrough, _see_ Dermot, Eva, Murtogh
Madoc Ap-Meredith, prince of Powys, i. 436, 437
Maidulf, founder of Malmesbury, i. 83
Maine (Cenomannia), duchy of, i. 203; county, 106, 107; its defiance of the house of France, 109; claims of Normandy and France upon, 124, 203, 204; granted to Geoffrey Greygown, 124, 140–142; subject to Geoffrey Martel, 206; relations with Normandy and Anjou, 216, 217, 222, 223; conquered by William, 218; revolts, 221, 222; revolts against Robert, 223, 224; condition under Elias, 224, 225; won back by William Rufus, 3, 226; Henry I. overlord of, 227, 233, 234; united with Anjou, 233; settled on William and Matilda, 236, 238; on Sibyl and Clito, 240; pedigree of the counts, 253–256; rebels in (1173), ii. 137. _See_ Aremburg, Biota, David, Elias, Gersendis, Herbert, Hugh, Margaret, Paula, Roland
Maine, river, _see_ Mayenne
Malachi, S., ii. 93, 94
Malachi II., king of Ireland, ii. 85
Malchus, bishop of Waterford, ii. 89
Malcolm IV., king of Scots, his claims on Northumberland etc., i. 435; submits to Henry II., 438; at war of Toulouse, 462; homage to young Henry, ii. 14, 15
Malmesbury abbey, i. 83–87; castle surrendered to Stephen, 304; taken by Henry, 397. _See_ Ealdhelm, Godfrey, Maidulf, Turold, Warin, William
Maminot, _see_ Walkelyn
Mandeville, _see_ Geoffrey, William
Manorbeer, ii. 452
Mans, Le, (_Vindinum_), its early history, i. 201–203; cathedral, 202, 238; bishop, people and count, 202, 204; advocacy of the see granted to Geoffrey Martel, 205; taken by William, 218; “commune” of, 222; surrendered to Elias, 227; marriage of Geoffrey and Matilda at, 244; Henry Fitz-Empress born at, 268; Geoffrey buried at, 390; the young king buried at, ii. 230; Henry II. at, 257, 258; taken by Philip, 259, 263; submits to Arthur, 389; burnt by John, 390; given up to John, 394; hospital, 198. _See_ Avesgaud, Gervase, Julian, Sainfred
Mantes, _see_ Gaubert, Walter
Map, _see_ Walter
March, Spanish, _see_ Barcelona
Marche, La, bought by Henry II., ii. 214
Margaret of France, daughter of Louis VII. and Constance, i. 446; betrothed to young Henry, 448; intrusted to Henry II., 451; Vexin settled upon her, 467; married, 470; crowned, ii. 81; quarrels over her dowry, 232, 236; marries Bela of Hungary, 235
Margaret of Maine, i. 216, 254
Marmion, _see_ Robert
Marmoutier, abbey of, i. 181
Marshal, _see_ John, William
Marson, i. 125
Martel, ii. 227
Martin, S., bishop of Tours, his life, i. 179–181; appearance to Fulk the Good, 118; “reversion,” 128, 131, 182; “subvention,” 182, 187; abbey, _see_ Tours
Martin-le-Beau, S., i. 187
Mary of Boulogne, daughter of Stephen and Matilda, i. 469
Mary of France, daughter of Louis VII. and Eleanor, i. 445
Massey, _see_ Hamo
Matilda (Eadgyth) of Scotland, first wife of Henry I., i. 9, 17, 93, 94; called “good queen Maude,” 66
Matilda, daughter of Henry I. of England, widow of Emperor Henry V., i. 242; acknowledged as Henry’s heiress, 243, 268, 269, 274; marries Geoffrey, 243, 244, 258–260; leaves him, 266; goes to England, 268; returns, _ib._; quarrels with Henry, 270; qualifications for the throne, 274, 275; enters Normandy, 276; lands at Arundel, 309; goes to Bristol and Gloucester, 310; negotiates with the legate, 321; in London, 323, 324; besieges the legate at Winchester, 325, 326; blockaded by the queen, 326; escapes, 327, 328; goes to Oxford, 329; sends for Geoffrey, 330; besieged at Oxford, 332; escapes, 333; returns to Gaul, 344; trial of her claims at Rome, 370; later years, 442, 443; death, ii. 61
Matilda of Boulogne marries Stephen, i. 273; crowned, 283; blockades Dover, 299; mediates between Stephen and David, 300; drives the Empress from London, 324; wins over the legate, _ib._; besieges Winchester, 326; negotiates for Stephen’s release, 328; founds S. Katharine’s Hospital, 357; tries to reconcile Stephen and Theobald, 369; dies, 399
Matilda, eldest daughter of Henry II. and Eleanor, born, i. 445; betrothed to Henry the Lion, ii. 55; married, 59–60, 189; aid for her marriage, 125; death, ii. 257 note 2{1241}
Matilda of Anjou, daughter of Fulk V., betrothed to William the Ætheling, i. 234; married, 236; quarrel over her dowry, 240; nun at Fontevraud, 248
Matilda of Angoulême, wife of Hugh IX. of Lusignan, ii. 398
Matilda of Saxony, daughter of Henry the Lion, her suitors, ii. 237; marriage, 274
Matilda of Ramsbury, i. 304
Matthew, son of Theodoric count of Flanders, marries Mary of Boulogne, i. 469; dies, ii. 147
Matthew, tutor to Henry Fitz-Empress, i. 375; chancellor, 376
Maude, “Good Queen,” i. 66. _See_ Matilda
Mauléon, _see_ Savaric
Maurice, son of Geoffrey Greygown, i. 134, 135; regent of Anjou, 153, 156, 194
Maurice Fitz-Gerald, ii. 100, 102
Maurice de Prendergast, ii. 102, 110, 111
Maurienne, ii. 131, 132. _See_ Alice, Humbert
Mayenne or Maine, river, i. 97
Mayenne, _see_ Geoffrey
Measures, Assize of, ii. 348
Meiler Fitz-Henry, ii. 101
Melgueil, i. 463
Melisenda, queen of Jerusalem, i. 246, 361
Melun, i. 149, 189, 190
Merania, _see_ Agnes
Mercadier, ii. 383, 390
Merlin’s prophecy, its fulfilment, ii. 429
Merton priory, i. 51, 67
Messina, Richard at, ii. 294–296; treaty of, 368, 369
_Metalogicus_, i. 504
Metz, _see_ Chrodegang
Metz (in Gâtinais?), i. 168
Meulan, _see_ Robert, Waleran
Middle Kingdom, i. 99, 120
Middlesex, sheriffs of, i. 46
Miles Beauchamp, i. 320
Miles Cogan, ii. 105, 106, 184
Miles Fitz-David, ii. 101
Miles of Gloucester defies Stephen, i. 295; joins the Empress at Oxford, 324; earl of Hereford, 327; slain, 334
Mirebeau, castle built by Fulk Nerra, i. 139, 151; siege of, by Geoffrey Plantagenet, 267; bequeathed to Geoffrey Plantagenet II., 394, 444; Eleanor besieged in, ii. 406; Arthur captured at, _ib._
Mohun, _see_ William
Molêmes, abbey of, i. 69, 70
Monmouth, _see_ Geoffrey
Montbazon, i. 151, 163
Montboyau, i. 161, 163
Montcontour or St. Jouin-de-Marne, battle of, i. 174
Montferrat, _see_ Conrad, Jane, William
Montfichet’s Castle, i. 44
Montfort, _see_ Almeric, Bertrada, Robert, Simon
Montlouis, battle of, i. 186
Montmartre, conference at, ii. 71
Montmirail, conference at, ii. 61, 62, 69; razed, 365
Montpellier, _see_ William
Montrésor, i. 151
Montreuil-Bellay, siege of, i. 384–387. _See_ Gerald, Grecia
Montrichard, i. 151
Mont-St.-Michel, siege of, i. 5. _See_ Robert
Moorfields, i. 47
_Mort d’ancester_, ii. 172
Mortain, _see_ John, Stephen, William
Mortemer, _see_ Hugh, Roger
Morville, _see_ Hugh, Richard
Mountmorris, _see_ Hervey
Mowbray, _see_ Robert, Roger
Munster conquered by the Geraldines, ii. 183. _See_ Brian, Donell, Murtogh, Terence
Murdac, _see_ Henry
Murtogh Mac-Murrough, ii. 109, 111
Murtogh O’Brien, king of Munster, ii. 89, 90
Murtogh O’Lochlainn, king of Aileach, ii. 90, 97, 98
Nantes, i. 101; ceded to the Bretons, 102; Angevin claims on, 116, 117; attacked by Normans, 117; counts and bishops, 121, 122; seized by Conan, 146; won by Fulk, 148; Geoffrey Martel’s dealings with, 212; union with Rennes, 449; again independent, _ib._; seized by Conan IV. and claimed by Henry II., 450; surrendered to Henry, 451; significance of its acquisition, 452, 453; Henry and Geoffrey at, ii. 58. _See_ Alan, Drogo, Geoffrey, Guerech, Hoel, Judicaël
Nest, daughter of Rees Ap-Tewdor, ii. 100, 453
Neubourg, i. 282, 470
Neufmarché, council at, i. 502
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, i. 37
Newark, i. 304
Niall of the Nine Hostages, ii. 84
Nicolas Breakspear or of Langley, i. 475, 476, 481. _See_ Adrian
Nigel, bishop of Ely and treasurer, i. 302; defends Devizes, 304; chancellor, 418; treasurer again, _ib._
Nomenoë, king of Britanny, i. 101
Nonancourt, treaty at, ii. 213
Nonant, _see_ Hugh
Norfolk, _see_ Hugh Bigod
Normandy, duchy of, i. 111; confusion under Robert Curthose, 11; campaigns of Henry I. in, 11–13; relations with England, 13, 23, 24; with France, 24; invaded by Henry of France, 210, 213; claimed by Matilda, 276; invaded by Geoffrey, 281, 306–308; offered to Theobald of Blois, 282, 337; Stephen in, 286; granted to his son, _ib._; conquered by Geoffrey, 338–342; ceded to Henry Fitz-Empress, 369, 377; attacked by Louis VII. and Eustace, 385, 386, 394; inquest on ducal demesnes, ii. 128; rebels in (1173), 138, 139; attacked by Louis etc., 143; loyal barons in (1173), 146; Henry’s administration in, 192–194; laid under interdict, 315, 380; submits to Philip, 424, 425; dukes of, their claims upon Maine, i. 124, 203, 216. _See_ Geoffrey, Henry, Hrolf, John, Richard, Robert, William
Normans destroy Fleury, i. 112; attack Nantes, 117; fusion of Normans and English, 24, 48, 49; ii. 489, 490
“Normans” and “English,” different meanings of, i. 23, 24
Northallerton, i. 289
Northampton, Ralf of Chester seized at, i. 336; Henry II. at, ii. 23, 143; priory of S. Andrew at, 37; meeting of justiciars and barons at, 391; Assize of, 172, 173; councils at, i. 136; ii. 32–40, 172, 427. _See_ David, Simon
Northmen, their work in Frankland and in England, i. 100; enter the Loire, 101; sack Nantes, _ib._; attack Toulouse, Paris, Bordeaux, 102; defeated at Aclea, _ib._; sack Tours, _ib._; seize Angers, 103; driven out, 104; besiege Paris, _ib._; defeated by Rudolf, 115; attacks on Tours, 181, 182. _See_ Ostmen
Northumberland, Scottish claims upon, i. 286
Norwich, i. 40, 41; sacked, ii. 155, 156; massacre of Jews at, 289; castle, i. 284, 430. _See_ Herbert, John
Nostell priory, i. 68
Nottingham, i. 320; council at, ii. 329
O’Briens, their rivalry with the O’Neills, ii. 86. _See_ Donell, Murtogh, Terence
O’Conor, _see_ Roderic, Terence
Octavian, cardinal, _see_ Victor IV.
Odelin de Umfraville, ii. 145, 153, 160
Odo, count of Paris, duke of the French and king of West-Frankland, i. 104
Odo, count of Anjou, i. 109, 133
Odo I., count of Blois, Chartres and Tours, i. 145
Odo II., count of Blois etc., seizes Melun, i. 149, 189; character, 150; defeated at Pontlevoy, 157, 158; count of Champagne, 160; besieges Montboyau, 161; Saumur, 163; attacks Amboise, _ib._; seizes Sens, 164; aims at the Empire, 166; death, 167
Odo, count of Gascony and duke of Aquitaine, i. 174, 175
Odo, son of Robert II. of France, i. 177, 178
Odo of Britanny, i. 211, 212
Oilly, _see_ Robert
O’Lochlainn, _see_ Donell, Murtogh
O’Neills, their rivalry with the O’Briens, ii. 86
Orderic, i. 24
Orkneys, _see_ Ralf
Orléans, viscounts of, i. 249, 250
O’Ruark, _see_ Tighernan
Osbern Huitdeniers, i. 353
Oseney priory, i. 43
Ossory, ii. 102
Ostia, _see_ Alberic
Ostmen, their settlements in Ireland, ii. 82–84; relations with England, 83, 86, 87; struggle with Malachi and Brian, 85; ecclesiastical relations, 87–89; share in Irish politics, 89, 90
Otto I., Emperor, i. 119
Otto II., Emperor, i. 119, 120
Otto of Saxony, son of Henry the Lion, his proposed marriage, ii. 341; chosen Emperor, 372, 373; quarrel with John, 407
Otto, cardinal, ii. 69
Oundle, i. 60
Owen, prince of North Wales, i. 435, 436, 437; ii. 179
Oxford, i. 41–44; Robert Pulein at, 43; Henry I. at, 44; bishops seized at, 303, 304; Matilda at, 322, 331–333; military advantages, 331; taken by Stephen, 332; Vacarius at, 379; Richard I. born at, 445; Henry and Thomas meet at, ii. 24; Gerald de Barri at, 460; councils at, i. 283, 402; ii. 349–350, 427; castle, i. 41, 331–334; gilds, 30, 43, 52; S. Frideswide’s priory, 42; Port-meadow, 43; schools, _ib._; ii. 462. _See_ John
Paganel, _see_ Ralf
Pageham, ii. 32
Palestine, _see_ Jerusalem
Paparo, _see_ John
Paris attacked by northmen, i. 102, 104; capital of the duchy of France, 105; university of, ii. 461. _See_ Odo
Paschal III., antipope, ii. 55
Patrick, bishop of Dublin, ii. 88, 89
Patrick, earl of Salisbury, governor of Aquitaine, ii. 58, 59
Paula of Maine, i. 222, 254
Pavia, council at, i. 498, 499. _See_ William
Peace, edict for preservation of, ii. 339, 340; conservators of, their origin, 340
Pembroke, Flemings in, i. 52. _See_ Gilbert, Richard, William
Pencarn, ii. 179
Périgueux, ii. 223
Périgord, _see_ Adalbert
Peter, duke of Aquitaine, _see_ William VI.
Peter “Bogis,” ii. 421, 422
Peter of Capua, cardinal-legate, ii. 375, 395
Peter of Celle, i. 482, 483
Peter of Colechurch, ii. 486
Peter de Leia, bishop of S. David’s, ii. 455, 456
Peter Lombard, ii. 461, 467
Peter of Saintes, tutor to Henry Fitz-Empress, i. 375
Peterborough, “Black Book” of, i. 58; chronicle, 81
Petronilla, queen of Aragon, wife of Raymond-Berengar IV. of Barcelona, i. 463
Petronilla, wife of Tertullus, i. 128
Petronilla of Grandmesnil, countess of Leicester, ii. 138, 150
Pevensey, i. 430
Peverel, _see_ William
Philip I., king of France, i. 220, 221, 224
Philip Augustus, son of Louis VII. of France, born, ii. 56; receives young Henry’s homage, 62; crowned, 216; quarrels with Blois, 217; marries Elizabeth, _ib._; crowned again, 218; succeeds Louis, 219; demands Margaret’s dowry, 232, 236; quarrel with Flanders, 234; plots with Geoffrey, 243; claims wardship of Eleanor of Britanny, _ib._; of Arthur, 245; attacks Berry, _ib._; truce, 246; takes the cross, 249; takes Châteauroux, 251; attacks Auvergne, 252; negotiates with Richard, 253, 254; receives his homage, 255; takes Le Mans, 259; Tours, 264; treaty with Richard, 275; policy in Palestine, 320; returns to France, 313; demands the Vexin etc., _ib._, 314; alliance with John, 314, 323, 363; attacks Normandy, 363, 364; routed at Fréteval, 366, 367; secures Arthur, 370; war with Flanders, 374; truce with Richard, 375; takes Evreux, 389; receives homage of Arthur, 390; of Eleanor, _ib._; razes Ballon, 394; divorces Ingebiorg, 395; treaty with John, 395–397; takes Ingebiorg back, 401; cites John to his court, 402, 408; conquers eastern Normandy, 403; besieges Arques, 405, 406; burns Tours, 407; takes Saumur and enters Poitou, 410; successes in Normandy, _ib._; takes Isle of Andely, 411–416; Petit-Andely, 416; Radepont, _ib._; Château-Gaillard, 416–423; Normandy submits to, 424–425; conquers Poitou, 426; takes Loches and Chinon, _ib._; marches against John, 428
Philip, count of Flanders, joins young Henry, ii. 141; threatens to invade England, 155, 158; his policy in France, 216; quarrels with France, 234, 235; pilgrimage to Canterbury, 235
Philip de Broi, ii. 21
Philip Gay, i. 297
Philip of Gloucester, i. 335, 336
Philip de Thaun, i. 94
Pierre-Pécoulée, treaty of, i. 234
Pipe Rolls, i. 26, 431–432
Pipewell, council at, ii. 277
Pisa, _see_ Henry
Poitiers stormed by Adalbert of Périgord, i. 145; Henry and Eleanor married at, 393; council at, 458; Richard enthroned at, ii. 130; taken by Philip, 426. _See_ John
Poitou granted to Hugh the Great, i. 123; barons of, appeal to Philip against John, ii. 402; conquered by Philip, 426. _See_ Aquitaine
_Polycraticus_, i. 486–491
Pontaudemer, siege of, i. 241
Pontigny, abbey of, i. 70; S. Thomas at, ii. 42, 54
Pont-l’Evêque, _see_ Roger
Pontlevoy, battle of, i. 157, 158
Popes, _see_ Adrian, Alexander, Calixtus, Celestine, Eugene, Innocent, Lucius, Paschal, Urban
Porhoët, _see_ Eudo
Port, _see_ Adam
Portmannimot of Oxford, i. 43
Port-meadow at Oxford, i. 43
Port-reeve, i. 29; of London, 45. _See_ Gilbert Becket
Portsmouth, ii. 400, 427
Premonstratensians, i. 357, 358
Prendergast, _see_ Maurice
Provence, i. 454, 463. _See_ William
Provins, i. 482
Pucelle, _see_ Gerard
Puiset, _see_ Hugh
Pulein, _see_ Robert
Pullus, _see_ Robert
Quévilly, i. 471; ii. 198
Radepont, ii. 403, 416
Rahere, founder of S. Bartholomew’s hospital, i. 67
Rainald, bishop of Angers, i. 193
Raino, bishop of Angers, i. 131, 132
Ralf, bishop of the Orkneys, i. 289, 355
Ralf, bishop of Rochester, made archbishop of Canterbury, i. 68
Ralf, earl of Chester, his marriage, i. 314; claims Carlisle, _ib._; seizes Lincoln castle, 315; brings Robert to relieve it, 316; at battle of Lincoln, 317, 320; again seizes the castle, 334; joins Stephen, 336; imprisoned, _ib._; gives up Lincoln, _ib._; revolts again, 377, 395; dies, 399
Ralf, earl of Chester, second husband of Constance of Britanny, ii. 369, 370
Ralf of Bayeux, i. 241
Ralf de Broc, ii. 39, 76, 79, 149
Ralf de Diceto, dean of S. Paul’s, ii. 439; his Angevin History, i. 127
Ralf of Faye, ii. 129
Ralf Flambard, justiciar, i. 8, 9, 21, 32, 432; bishop of Durham, 80
Ralf of Fougères, ii. 137, 147, 148, 258
Ralf de Glanville, ii. 145, 160; justiciar, 177; takes the cross, 248; resigns and dies, 279
Ralf of Issoudun, ii. 401, 405
Ralf Paganel, i. 295, 298
Ralf of Varneville, chancellor to Henry II., ii. 142, 297
Ralf of Vermandois, i. 307
Ramirez the Monk, king of Aragon, i. 463
Ramsbury, _see_ Matilda
Rancogne, _see_ Geoffrey
Rathbreasil, synod of, ii. 93
Raymond-Berengar III., count of Barcelona, i. 463
Raymond-Berengar IV., count of Barcelona, i. 463, 466
Raymond of St. Gilles, count of Toulouse, i. 454, 455
Raymond V., count of Toulouse, his marriage, i. 458; war with Henry II., 464–467; meets Henry at Grandmont, ii. 58; does him homage, 133; struggle with Aragon, 211; quarrel with Richard, 244, 250, 251; death, 371
Raymond VI., count of Toulouse, marriage, ii. 371; homage to John, 397
Raymond Trencavel, viscount of Béziers and Carcassonne, i. 462, 464, 466
Raymond the Fat, ii. 104, 108, 183
Reading, i. 282, 322; ii. 61, 240, 308
Redvers, _see_ Baldwin
Rees Ap-Griffith, prince of South Wales, his dealings with Henry II., ii. 164, 179–181, 237; with John and Richard, 280; death, 351
Reginald, earl of Cornwall, i. 391; ii. 144, 146
Reginald, chancellor to Frederic Barbarossa, and archbishop of Cöln, ii. 55
Reginald Fitz-Urse, ii. 78
Reims, councils at, i. 206, 237, 367, 368. _See_ Gervase, William
Remigius, bishop of Dorchester, moves his see to Lincoln, i. 39
Rennes united with Nantes, i. 449. _See_ Conan, Hoel, Juhel
Richard, third son of Henry II. and Eleanor, born, i. 445; first betrothal, 463; invested with Aquitaine and betrothed to Adela, ii. 62; enthroned at Poitiers, 130; revolts, 135; submits, 165; his character, 206–208; fights the barons in Aquitaine, 209, 210, 214, 215, 220, 223; refuses homage to his brother, 224; takes Hautefort, 231; refuses to give up Aquitaine, 233; war with Geoffrey and John, _ib._; reconciled, 234; gives up Aquitaine to Eleanor, 235; wars with Toulouse, 244, 250, 251; negotiates a truce, 246; seizes the Angevin treasure, _ib._; reinstated in Aquitaine, 247; takes the cross, 248; tries to regain Châteauroux, 252; negotiates with Philip, 253, 254; meets Henry and Philip at Bonmoulins, 254; homage to Philip, 255; encounter with William the Marshal, 261; scene with Henry at Colombières, 266; comes to Fontevraud, 271; reconciled with the Marshal, 272; recognized as Henry’s successor, 273; duke of Normandy, 274; treaty with Philip, 275; goes to England, _ib._; crowned, 276; fills vacant sees, 277, 278; his policy, 278; appoints justiciars, 279, 283; sells sheriffdoms etc., 280; dealings with Wales, _ib._; with Scotland, 281; with John, 281–282; goes to Normandy, 287; holds council there, 288; possible successors, 295; treaty with Tancred, _ib._; marriage, 296; names William of Monreale for the primacy, 297; sends Walter of Rouen to England, 297, 298; his voyage, 317; conquers Cyprus, _ib._; alliance with Guy of Lusignan, 318, 320; reaches Acre, 319; quarrel with Leopold of Austria, _ib._; relations with other crusaders, 319–321; truce with Saladin, 321; homeward voyage, 322; wrecked and captured, _ib._; given up to the Emperor, 324; his ransom, 325, 326; negotiates with Philip and John, 327; returns to England, 328; imposes taxes, _ib._, 329; negotiates with Scotland, 330; crowned at Winchester, _ib._, 331; king of Burgundy, 331; leaves England, _ib._; forgives John, 334; gives license for tournaments, 342; annuls his charters, 343, 356; sends the abbot of Caen to England, 343; quarrel with S. Hugh, 350; edict against the clergy, 355; cessions to Philip, 361; difficulties in Gaul, 361, 362; treaty with Philip, 364; goes to Normandy, 365; to Tours, 365, 366; regains Loches, 366; routs Philip at Fréteval, _ib._, 367; claims wardship of Arthur, 370; alliance with Toulouse, 371; with Henry VI., 372; called to elect an emperor, _ib._; league against Philip, 374; truce, 375; builds Château-Gaillard, 375–380; quarrel with Abp. Walter, 380, 381; lays siege to Châlus, 382; wounded, 384; dies, 385, 386; burial, 386, 387; his encouragement of municipal life, 470; grant to merchants of Cöln, 485
Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 170, 434
Richard I., bishop of London, i. 45
Richard II., bishop of London, i. 502, 503
Richard Fitz-Nigel, treasurer and bishop of London, ii. 277; his _Gesta Henrici_, 439
Richard of Ilchester, ii. 66; bishop of Winchester, 158, 176; work in the Exchequer, 193, 194; seneschal of Normandy, 193; death, 277
Richard de Clare, earl of Pembroke or Striguil, ii. 99, 100; goes to Ireland, 103; takes Waterford, 104; marriage, _ib._; blockaded in Dublin, 109, 110; summoned by Henry, 112; does homage for Leinster, 113; in Normandy with Henry, 145, 182; governor of Ireland, 182; death, 183
Richard le Breton, ii. 78
Richard Fitz-Count, son of Robert of Gloucester, i. 386, 405; ii. 146
Richard Fitz-Godoberd, ii. 100
Richard of La Haye, i. 340, 341
Richard of Hommet, constable of Normandy, ii. 146
Richard de Lucy, justiciar, his character, i. 417; his share in election of Thomas, ii. 1–3; excommunicated, 66; takes Leicester, 146; marches against the Scots, 149; besieges Huntingdon, 154, 156; protests against the forest visitation, 171; retires to a monastery, 176
Richard de Morville, ii. 139, 161
Richenda de Clères, sister of William of Longchamp, ii. 305
Richer de l’Aigle, i. 51, 395
Richmond, _see_ Alan
Ridel, _see_ Geoffrey
Rievaux abbey, i. 71
Robert I., king of France, i. 149, 164
Robert the Brave, count of Anjou, i. 102; duke of the French, 103
Robert the Magnificent, or the Devil, duke of Normandy, i. 166
Robert, son of William the Conqueror, betrothed to Margaret of Maine, i. 216; homage to Geoffrey the Bearded, 217; to Fulk Rechin, 223; seeks Fulk’s help in Maine, _ib._; sells the Cotentin to Henry, 4; wars with his brothers, 5, 6; pledges Normandy to Rufus, 3; crusade, _ib._; invades England, 9; war with Henry, 11; taken prisoner, 13; dies, 271
Robert Bloet, chancellor, justiciar and bishop of Lincoln, i. 22
Robert II., bishop of Lincoln, ii. 24
Robert I., bishop of Hereford, i. 370, 495
Robert of Melun, i. 481; bishop of Hereford, ii. 24
Robert of Bellême, count of Alençon etc., i. 6; banished, 10; sues for peace, 11; flies at Tinchebray, 13; captures Elias, 225; imprisoned, 233
Robert, count of Burgundy, i. 178
Robert, count of Dreux, i. 394
Robert, earl of Ferrers, ii. 139, 163
Robert, earl of Gloucester, son of Henry I., friend of William of Malmesbury, i. 92, 94; escorts Matilda over sea, 243; at Henry’s death, 270; dispute for precedence with Stephen, 274; joins Stephen, 283; defies him, 294; comes to England, 309; marches to Lincoln, 316, 317; receives Stephen’s surrender, 320; made prisoner, 327; exchanged, 329; goes to fetch Geoffrey, 330; returns, 332; besieges Wareham, _ib._; takes Portland and Lulworth, 333; meets his sister at Wallingford, 334; routs Stephen at Wilton, _ib._; builds a castle at Farringdon, 335; helps Geoffrey in Normandy, 338, 339; dies, 343, 344
Robert I., earl of Leicester and count of Meulan, i. 16, 54, 56
Robert II., earl of Leicester, joins Henry, i. 400; justiciar, 417; at council of Northampton, ii. 39; refuses the kiss of peace to Reginald of Cöln, 55, 56; dies, 61
Robert III., earl of Leicester, rebels, ii. 138, 142; goes to England, 148; made prisoner, 150; restored, 167; repulses Philip from Normandy, 363
Robert II., count of Meulan, ii. 138
Robert de Barri, ii. 101
Robert de Bruce, ii. 145
Robert, abbot of Caen, ii. 343, 344
Robert Fitz-Stephen, ii. 100; goes to Ireland, 101; blockaded in Carrick, 109; made prisoner, 111; released, 113
Robert of Marmion, i. 335
Robert de Montfort defeats Henry of Essex in ordeal, ii. 60; rebels, 138
Robert of Mowbray, ii. 155
Robert I. of Oilly, i. 41, 42, 331
Robert II. of Oilly founds Oseney priory, i. 43; gives up Oxford to the Empress, 322; death, 332
Robert Pulein, i. 43, 44
Robert Pullus, i. 483
Robert of Sablé, i. 343
Robert of Selby, chancellor of Sicily, i. 365
Robert of Sillé, ii. 137
Robert de Stuteville, ii. 145, 153, 160
Robert of Torigny or _de Monte_, ii. 194
Robert of Turnham, seneschal of Anjou, ii. 388, 389; of Poitou, 426; prisoner, 427
Rocamadour, ii. 74, 226, 227
Rochelle, La, ii. 428
Roches, _see_ William
Rochester, _see_ Ralf, Walter
Roderic O’Conor, king of Connaught, ii. 97; of Ireland, 98; treaty with Dermot,102; gathers a host against him, 104; blockades Dublin, 109, 110; routed, 110, 111; promises tribute to Henry II., 116; treaty, 182
Roger, king of Sicily, i. 365
Roger of Pont-l’Evêque, i. 354, 368; archbishop of York, 477; earlier career, 478, 479; accepts the royal customs, ii. 24; dispute with S. Thomas, 30; crowns young Henry, 72; appeals to the king, 78; dies, 285
Roger, chaplain to Henry I., chancellor, bishop of Salisbury and justiciar, i. 22; his administration, 25, 26; called the “Sword of Righteousness,” 26; his Church policy, 63; joins Stephen, 278; his family, 302; relations with Stephen and with the Empress, _ib._, 303; seized at Oxford, 303, 304; death, 310
Roger, earl of Clare, ii. 12, 16, 180
Roger, earl of Hereford, i. 429
Roger of Howden, i. 82; ii. 439
Roger de Lacy, ii. 400, 401; at Château-Gaillard, 411, 417, 418, 423
Roger of Montrésor, i. 151
Roger de Mortemer, ii. 299
Roger de Mowbray, ii. 139, 152, 160, 162, 163
Roger “the Poor,” chancellor, i. 302, 303
Rohesia, wife of Gilbert Becket, i. 50, 352
Roland, count of Maine, i. 203
Roland of Siena, cardinal, _see_ Alexander III.
Rome, relations of William and Lanfranc with, i. 15; trial of Stephen’s and Matilda’s claims at, 370; schism at, 498
Ronceray, i. 165 note 3{363}, 166; ii. 200
Roscilla of Loches, wife of Fulk the Red, i. 110
Rotrou, archbishop of Rouen, ii. 72, 81
Rouen surrenders to Geoffrey Plantagenet, i. 341, 342; besieged by Louis VII., ii. 164; palace, 196; young Henry buried at, 232; Richard’s heart buried at, 387; Arthur imprisoned at, 407; submits to Philip, 425. _See_ Rotrou, Walter
Rouergue, i. 454
Roumare, _see_ William
Roxburgh, i. 287
Rudolf of Burgundy, king of West-Frankland, i. 111, 115
Rufus, S., priory of, i. 476
Saher de Arcelles, i. 363
Sainfred, bishop of Le Mans, i. 204
Saintes granted to Fulk Nerra, i. 159, 173; taken by William VII. of Aquitaine, 215; regained and lost again, 216. _See_ Peter
Saintonge ceded to Geoffrey Martel, i. 174; granted to Fulk Rechin, 214; war of, 215, 216, 252, 253
Saint-Saëns, _see_ Elias
Saints, Old-English, revived veneration for, i. 33, 80
Saladin tithe, ii. 249
Salisbury, i. 32–33. _See_ Herbert, Hubert, Jocelyn, John, Patrick, William
Saltwood, ii. 79
Sancho VI., king of Navarre, submits to Henry II.’s arbitration, ii. 190
Sancho VII., king of Navarre, suppresses revolt in Gascony and attacks Toulouse, ii. 316; helps Richard, 366, 367
Saumur, i. 161; taken by Fulk Nerra, 162; blockaded by William of Poitou, 213; betrayed to Fulk Rechin, 220; burnt, _ib._; Henry II. at, ii. 256; taken by Philip, 410; abbey of S. Florence, i. 162, 163. _See_ Gelduin
Savaric of Mauléon, ii. 405, 426
Saxony, _see_ Henry, Matilda, Otto
Scarborough, i. 428
Schools, Augustinian, i. 43; at Oxford, _ib._, ii. 462; London, i. 47; Malmesbury, 84, 85. _See_ Universities
Scotland, its relations with Henry I., i. 96. _See_ David, Henry, Matilda, William
Scutage, i. 432, 433; the Great, 459–461; of 1195, ii. 343; 1196, 348
Sees, removal of, i. 40
Selby, _see_ Robert
Sempringham, order of, i. 359, 360; helps S. Thomas, ii. 41
Seneschal of France, office of, i. 450
Sens, i. 164; ii. 42, 68
Serfdom in twelfth century, i. 61, 62
Serlo the Mercer, mayor of London, ii. 472
Severn, valley of, i. 35
Sherborne castle, i. 304
“Sheriff’s Aid,” ii. 15
Sheriffs of London, i. 45; ii. 471; Middlesex, i. 46; inquest on (1170), ii. 126, 127
Shrewsbury, i. 295, 298, 299
Sibyl, queen of Jerusalem, ii. 247, 320
Sibyl of Anjou, daughter of Fulk V., i. 240, 241
Sicily conquered by Henry VI., ii. 371, 372. _See_ Constance, Jane, Roger, Tancred, William
Sillé, _see_ Hugh, Robert
Simeon of Durham, i. 81, 82
Simon, count of Montfort, i. 467
Simon de Montfort, count of Evreux, ii. 138
Simon, earl of Northampton, ii. 144; claim to Huntingdon, 154
Simon of Dover, i. 363
Simon Fitz-Peter, ii. 21
Sleaford, i. 304
Smithfield, i. 47; S. Bartholomew’s priory and hospital, 67
Soissons, ii. 42, 65. _See_ Guy, William
Solomon, king of Britanny, i. 103
Spain, proposed crusade in, i. 453, 497
Standard, battle of the, i. 289–291
Stephen Harding, S., i. 69, 70
Stephen of Blois, son of Stephen-Henry and Adela, i. 235, 236; his “Lombard grandmother,” 256; brought up by Henry I., 273; count of Mortain, _ib._; marriage, _ib._; relations with Henry, 274; oath to Matilda, _ib._; goes to England, 276; gains the treasury, 277; crowned, 279; first charter, _ib._; character, 280, 281; treaty with Scotland, 282; early successes, 283; second charter, 284; revolt against him, _ib._; holds forest assize, 285; goes to Normandy, 286; invades Scotland, 287; relations with the barons, 292, 293; with Earl Robert, 294; revolt in the west, 295–299; grants Northumberland to Henry of Scotland, 300; besieges Ludlow, 301, 302; takes Leeds, 302; seizes Roger of Salisbury and his nephew, 303, 304; summoned before a council at Winchester, 305; penance, 306; truce with Geoffrey, 307; besieges Arundel, 309; sends Matilda to Bristol, 310; keeps Whitsuntide in the Tower, 311; besieges Lincoln castle, 315; exploits at battle of Lincoln, 319, 320; prisoner, 320; exchanged, 329; takes Wareham and Cirencester, 330; Oxford, 332; besieges the castle, 332, 333; routed at Wilton, 334; takes Farringdon, 335; builds Crowmarsh, 336; imprisons Ralf of Chester, _ib._; wears his crown at Lincoln, 337; banishes Abp. Theobald, 368; trial of his claims at Rome, 370; reconciled to Theobald, 371; knights Eustace, 377; drives Vacarius from Oxford, 379; refuses a safe-conduct to John Paparo, 380; proposes to crown Eustace, 381, 390; imprisons the bishops, 391; meets Henry, 397; treaty, 400; last days, 403; death, 404
Stephen I., count of Champagne, i. 160
Stephen II., count of Champagne, i. 177; rebels, 177, 178; defeated, 178, 186; dies, 271
Stephen-Henry, count of Blois, Chartres and Champagne, receives Fulk Rechin’s homage, i. 221; his parents, 255, 256; marriage, 271, 272; crusade and death, 272
Stephen of Turnham, seneschal of Anjou, ii. 273, 279
Stockbridge, i. 327
Striguil, _see_ Richard, William
Strongbow, ii. 99 note 7{445}
Stuteville, _see_ Robert, William
Suger, abbot of S. Denis, his views on “Frenchmen and Englishmen,” i. 24; policy, 387, 388; opposes divorce of Louis VII., 392; death, _ib._, 399
Sulpice of Amboise, i. 156, 157, 194
Synods, _see_ Councils
Taillebourg, ii. 215
Talbot, _see_ Geoffrey
Tallage of 1174, ii. 173; 1194, 337, 342
Talvas, _see_ William
Tancarville, _see_ William
Tancred, king of Sicily, ii. 295
Tara, ii. 84
Taxation, i. 25, 26, 27; of towns, 29; “Sheriff’s Aid,” ii. 15; aid _pour fille marier_, 125, 126; Saladin tithe, 249; tax on moveables, 325; taxes in 1194, 328, 329, 337, 342; 1195, 343; 1198, 352; in London, 344, 345
Templars, i. 357
Terence O’Brien, king of Munster, ii. 89
Terence O’Conor, king of Connaught, ii. 90, 91
Tertullus, i. 127, 128
Theobald, abbot of Bec, archbishop of Canterbury, i. 300, 351; joins the Empress, 321; his policy, 351, 352, 378; household, 352, 354, 379, 477; legate, 356, 380; “swimming-voyage” to Reims, 368; banished, _ib._; consecrates Gilbert Foliot, 371; returns, _ib._; holds a council, 381; imprisoned, 391; escapes, _ib._; relations with Henry II., 418; consecrates Roger of York, 479; last days, 503–504; death, 506
Theobald I. the Trickster, count of Blois, Chartres and Tours, i. 106, 115, 116
Theobald III., count of Blois, Chartres and Tours, i. 177; rebels, 177, 178; marches to relieve Tours, 184, 185; prisoner, 186; cedes Tours to Geoffrey Martel, 187; his marriages, 255, 256; seizes Champagne, 271
Theobald IV. the Great, count of Blois, Chartres and Champagne, i. 273; character, 275, 276; alliance with Henry I., 231; wars with Louis VI., _ib._, 235; invited to Normandy, 282, 337; treaties with Geoffrey, _ib._; with Stephen, 286; opposes Louis VII.’s attempt on Toulouse, 457; quarrel with Louis, 384; death, 392, 399
Theobald V., count of Blois etc., seeks to marry Eleanor, i. 392; betrothed to Adela, 445; ally of Henry II., 466
Theobald Walter, ii. 293, 343
Theodoric, count of Flanders, i. 342
Thierceville, i. 354
Thomas of London, son of Gilbert Becket, his boyhood, i. 50, 51; studies in Paris, 352; clerk to Osbern Huitdeniers, 353; enters Theobald’s household, 353, 354; goes with him to Rome, 356; to Reims, 368; studies at Bologna and Auxerre, 379; opposes crowning of Eustace, 391; chancellor, 418; archdeacon of Canterbury, 420, 479, 480; his person, 421; life as chancellor, 421–425; relations with Henry, 423, 425–427; embassy to France, 446–448; exploits in war of Toulouse, 465, 466; combat with Engelram of Trie, 467; opposes marriage of Mary of Boulogne, 469; takes charge of young Henry and procures his recognition as heir, 471–473; relations with Roger of Pont-l’Evêque, 478; with John of Salisbury, 485; character as chancellor and as primate, 504, 505; archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 1–3; consecrated, 4–5; institutes Trinity-Sunday, 5; receives his pall and resigns the chancellorship, 6; life as archbishop, 7–10; his _eruditi_, 8; plans of Church reform, 11; reclaims alienated lands, 11, 12; dispute with Roger of Clare, 12, 16; with William of Eynesford, 17; resigns archdeaconry, 13; relations with Gilbert Foliot, _ib._, 31; at council of Tours, 14; resists Henry at Woodstock, 15, 16; refuses the “customs,” 22, 23; young Henry taken from him, 23; meets Henry at Northampton, _ib._; consecrates Robert of Melun, 24; accepts the customs, _ib._; swears to them at Clarendon, 25; rejects the constitutions of Clarendon, 28; forbids marriage of William of Anjou, 29; dispute with Roger of York, 30; attempts flight, 31; meets Henry at Woodstock, 31, 32; dispute with John the marshal, 32, 33, 34; at council of Northampton, 33–40; flight, 41; goes to Soissons and Sens, 42; effects of the quarrel in England, 46–49; resigns his ring to the Pope, 52; goes to Pontigny, 42, 54; life there, 63; writes to Henry, 63, 64; pilgrimage to Soissons, 65; excommunications at Vézelay, 66; legate, 67; goes to Sens, 68; meets Henry at Montmirail, 69; excommunications at Clairvaux, 70; meets Henry at Montmartre, 71; proclaims interdict, 71; forbids crowning of young Henry, 72; meets Henry at Fréteval, 73; Tours and Chaumont, 74; his estates restored, 74; returns to England, 77; excommunicates the De Brocs, 78; slain, 79; canonized, 431; results of his life and death, 431–433; lives of, 439
Thomas Pactius, prior of Loches, i. 126, 127, 153, note 3{318}
Thorgils, ii. 82
Thouars, _see_ Almeric, Guy
Thurstan, archbishop of York, his charter to Beverley, i. 30, 38; protects Fountains, 71; makes truce with the Scots, 286; organizes defence of Yorkshire, 288, 289; dies, 354
Tiberias, battle of, ii. 247
Tickhill, ii. 282, 291, 299, 323, 328
Tighernan O’Ruark, chief of Breffny, ii. 97, 109, 111, 114
Tinchebray, battle of, i. 12, 13, 227
Tintern abbey, i. 71
Tithe, the Saladin, ii. 249
Torigni, 386, 405. _See_ Robert
Tortulf the Forester (Torquatius), i. 105, 127, 128
Totnes, gild at, ii. 469
Toucques, i. 307
Toulouse, relations with France, i. 457, 458; war of Henry II. against, 464–466; its results, 468; attacked by Sancho of Navarre and the seneschal of Gascony, ii. 316; counts, i. 454–456. _See_ Alfonso, Bertrand, Raymond, William
Touraine, i. 107; ceded to Geoffrey Martel, 187, 188
Tournaments authorized by Richard I., ii. 342
Tours (_Cæsarodunum_) sacked by northmen, i. 102; early history, 178–183; granted to Geoffrey Martel, 178; siege, 184; ceded by Theobald, 187; council at, ii. 14; taken by Philip, 264; Richard at, 365, 366; meeting of Arthur and the Lusignans at, 405; burnt by Philip, 407; destroyed by John, _ib._; S. Martin’s abbey, i. 102, 113, 114, 181–183; its banner, 186; Châteauneuf, 183, ii. 264, 366. _See_ Adaland, Gatian, Gregory, Lidorius, Martin, Odo, Theobald
Towns, English, their origin and character, i. 27–29; taxation, 25, 29; _firma burgi_, 29; condition under Henry I., 30–54; fusion of races in, 48, 49; progress under the Angevins, ii. 468–472
Tracy, _see_ William
Trade, English, with Flanders, i. 30, 52; with Ireland, 32, 34, 35; ii. 87; of Winchester, i. 32; Bristol, 34, 35; ii. 87; Chester, i. 36; ii. 87; Lincoln, i. 39, 40; Norwich, 40; London, 49; under the Angevins, ii. 481–485
Treasurers, _see_ Nigel, Richard
Trencavel, _see_ Raymond
Trent, river, i. 40, 344, 345
Trèves (near Saumur), i. 162
Trie, _see_ Engelram
Trinity Sunday instituted, ii. 5
Trussebut, _see_ William
Tuam, metropolis of Connaught, ii. 94
Tunbridge, ii. 12, 16
Turlogh, _see_ Terence
Turnham, _see_ Robert, Stephen
Turold, abbot of Malmesbury, i. 84
_Turones_ or _Turoni_, i. 179
Twinham or Christchurch, i. 32
Ulger, bishop of Angers, i. 370
Ulster invaded by John de Courcy, ii. 184
Umfraville, _see_ Odelin
Universities, ii. 460–468. _See_ Bologna, Cambridge, Oxford, Paris
Urban II., Pope, i. 225
Urban III., Pope, ii. 242, 247
Ursus or Ours, S., i. 110
Vacarius, i. 379
Varaville, i. 213
Varneville, _see_ Ralf
Vegetius Renatus, his book _De Re Militari_, i. 386
Vendôme, abbey of Holy Trinity at, i. 172. _See_ Adela, Burchard, Elizabeth, Fulk, Geoffrey, John
Verdun, treaty of, i. 98
Vere, _see_ Aubrey
Vermandois, ii. 360. _See_ Ralf
Verneuil, ii. 364, 365, 425
Vexin, the French, granted to William Clito, i. 243
Vexin, the Norman, ceded to Louis VII., i. 388; settled on Margaret, 467, 471; seized by Henry II., 470
Vézelay, S. Thomas at, ii. 66
Victor IV., antipope, i. 498, 499; ii. 55
Vienna, Richard I. captured at, ii. 322
Villeins in twelfth century, i. 57–62
Vulgrin, count of Angoulême, invades Poitou, ii. 209; submits to Richard, 210, 215; dies, 220
Wace, ii. 446
Walbrook, i. 46
Waldric or Gualdric, chancellor of England and bishop of Laon, i. 22, 30
Waleran, count of Meulan, rebels, i. 241; raises siege of Carham, 287; escorts the Empress to Bristol, 310; submits to Geoffrey, 337, 338
Wales, Flemish settlers in, i. 52; Henry I.’s dealings with, 96; condition in twelfth century, ii. 99; Henry II.’s wars in, i. 435–437; ii. 179–181, 237; crusade preached in, ii. 249; Gerald’s books on, 458. _See_ Cadwallader, David, Madoc, Nest, Owen, Rees
Walkelyn Maminot, i. 295, 299
Wallingford, the Empress at, i. 334; blockaded by Stephen, 396; relieved by Henry, 397; treaty of, 400; council at, 429; granted to John, ii. 282; taken from him, 323, 328
Walter of Coutances, archbishop of Rouen, ii. 297; sent to England, 298, 300; supports John against W. Longchamp, 308, 309; justiciar, 311, 312; hostage for Richard’s ransom, 326; quarrel with Richard, 380, 381; invests John as duke, 389
Walter, archdeacon of Canterbury, i. 478; bishop of Rochester, _ib._, 506; ii. 4
Walter, count of Mantes, i. 217, 218
Walter de Clare, i. 71
Walter Lespec founds Kirkham priory, i. 67; Rievaux, 71; at battle of the Standard, 289; death, 399
Walter Map, ii. 449–452
Walter, _see_ Hubert
Wareham, i. 295, 299, 330, 332, 333
Warin, abbot of Malmesbury, i. 84
Wark, ii. 153. _See_ Carham
Warren, _see_ Isabel, Hameline, William
Waterford, its origin, ii. 83; taken by Richard of Striguil, 104; Henry II. at, 113; bull “Laudabiliter” published at, 182. _See_ Malchus
Waverley abbey, i. 71
Weavers, gilds of, i. 30, 52; ii. 481
“Week-work,” i. 57
Weobly, i. 296
Westminster, i. 46; coronations at, i. 279, 405; ii. 72, 276, 391, 399; councils at, i. 300, 329, 330; ii. 3, 22, 23, 190
Wexford, ii. 102, 109, 111, 117
Wherwell, i. 327
_White Ship_ wrecked, i. 239
Wigford, i. 439
Wigmore, i. 429
William, S., archbishop of York, i. 354, 355, 364–367, 478
William the Conqueror, king of England and duke of Normandy, his ecclesiastical customs, i. 16; charter to London, 45; shelters Bp. Gervase of Le Mans, 206; helps King Henry against Geoffrey Martel, 207; besieges Domfront, 208, 209; regains Alençon and fortifies Ambrières, 209; challenges Geoffrey, 211; treaty with Herbert of Maine, 216; conquers Maine, 218; Maine revolts against, 221, 222; treaty with Anjou, 223; death, _ib._
William II. Rufus, king of England, regains Maine, i. 3; restores Carlisle, 36; his palace at Westminster, 46; war with Elias, 225, 226; death, 3, 226
William the Lion, king of Scots, does homage to young Henry, ii. 72; joins his rebellion, 140; invades England, 149, 153, 154; his border castles, 152; prisoner, 161, 162; does homage for his crown, 166, 178; marriage, 237; negotiations with Richard, 281, 330, 341; with John, 391, 393; homage to John, 399
William II. the Good, king of Sicily, betrothed to Jane, daughter of Henry II., ii. 60; marriage, 189; death, 318
William the Ætheling, son of Henry I., betrothed to Matilda of Anjou, i. 234; receives homage, _ib._; marriage, 236; drowned, 239
William, eldest son of Henry II. and Eleanor, i. 429, 431
William of Corbeil, prior of Chiche, archbishop of Canterbury, i. 68; joins Stephen, 278; crowns him, 279; dies, 299, 300
William, archbishop of Bordeaux, ii. 140
William I. Shockhead (_Tête-d’Etoupe_), count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine, i. 123
William II. Fierabras, duke of Aquitaine, i. 123, 139, 173
William IV. the Great, duke of Aquitaine, i. 159, 173
William V. the Fat, duke of Aquitaine, i. 173, 174
William VI. (Peter) the Bold, duke of Aquitaine, i. 176; relations with Geoffrey Martel, 210–213; death, 213
William VII. (Guy-Geoffrey), duke of Aquitaine, i. 215; war with Anjou, _ib._, 252, 253; regains Saintonge, 216
William VIII., duke of Aquitaine, offers his duchy in pledge to William Rufus, i. 3; imprisons Fulk of Anjou, 229; marriage, 455
William IX., duke of Aquitaine, bequeaths his daughter to Louis VII. of France, i. 383; claims on Toulouse, 455
William Longsword, duke of Normandy, i. 111
William of Longchamp, bishop of Ely and chancellor, ii. 277, 279; character and antecedents, 285–287; justiciar, 288; proceedings at York, 290; quarrel with Hugh of Durham, 291; legate, _ib._; his difficulties, 292, 293; his rule, 294; quarrels with John, 298–301; struggle with Geoffrey of York, 305, 306; with John etc., 307–311; his fall, 311, 312; appeals to the Pope and excommunicates his enemies, 312; negotiates with Eleanor and John, 315; goes to England for Richard’s ransom, 325; makes truce with Philip, 367; mission to Germany, 372; death, 373, note 4{1866}
William, dean of York, i. 355; bishop of Durham, _ib._; death, 399
William Giffard, chancellor, i. 22; bishop of Winchester, 71
William I., count of Arles or Provence, i. 190, 191
William, count of Angoulême, ii. 136
William IV. count of Toulouse, i. 455
William of Aubigny, earl of Arundel, i. 298; ii. 144, 145, 149
William of Aumale, earl of York, i. 289
William of Blois, chancellor of Lincoln, ii. 456, 461
William, earl of Gloucester, ii. 144, 163, 184
William de Mandeville, earl of Essex, ii. 144; supports Henry II., 145, 260; justiciar, 279; death, 282
William the Marshal rebels against Henry II., ii. 139; relations with the young king, 228; early history, 260; encounter with Richard, 261; arranges Henry’s funeral, 269, 270; meeting with Richard, 272; marriage, 274; co-justiciar, 279; regent for John, 390, 391; earl of Striguil, 393; sent to Normandy, 400, 401; goes to relieve Les Andelys, 413; ambassador to Philip, 424; persuades John to dismiss the host, 427
William, marquis of Montferrat, ii. 60
William of Mortain, earl of Cornwall, i. 11, 13
William of Roumare, i. 314; earl of Lincoln, 315
William, earl of Salisbury, ii. 144
William Longsword, earl of Salisbury, son of Henry II., ii. 428
William, earl of Warren and count of Mortain and Boulogne (son of Stephen), i. 430, 469
William of Anjou, third son of Geoffrey and Matilda, born, i. 374; proposal to conquer Ireland for him, 431; death, ii. 29
William de Barri, ii. 453
William the Clito, son of Robert of Normandy, i. 235, 238; betrothed to Sibyl of Anjou, 240; marriage annulled, 241; excommunicated, 242; Flanders granted to, 243; marriage, _ib._; death, 266
William de Courcy, seneschal of Normandy, ii. 146, 193
William of Dover, i. 335
William of Eynesford, ii. 17
William Fitz-Alan, i. 295, 298
William Fitz-Aldhelm, seneschal to Henry II., ii. 113, 116; governor of Ireland, 183
William Fitz-Duncan, i. 287
William Fitz-John, i. 295
William Fitz-Ralf, seneschal of Normandy, ii. 194, 260
William Fitz-Osbert or Long-beard, ii. 345–347
William Fitz-Stephen, ii. 38
William of Malmesbury, i. 83–93; his account of the Angevins, 196
William of Mohun, i. 295
William “the Monk,” i. 342
William, lord of Montpellier, i. 462, 466
William of Newburgh, ii. 441–445
William Peverel, i. 295, 299, 320, 428
William of Pavia, cardinal, ii. 69
William, archbishop of Reims, ii. 218
William des Roches, ii. 394, 407, 426
William of Soissons, i. 481
William de Stuteville, ii. 160, 393
William Talvas, lord of Alençon, i. 236, 270, 281
William of Tancarville, chamberlain of Normandy, ii. 142
William de Tracy, ii. 78
William Trussebut, i. 307
William de Vesci, ii. 145, 160
William of Ypres, i. 285, 294; at battle of Lincoln, 318, 319; helps the queen in Kent, 324; at siege of Winchester, 326; captures Earl Robert, 327; tries to reconcile Stephen and Abp. Theobald, 369
Wilton, i. 33; battle at, 334
Winchester, i. 31; treaty of, 9; fair, 32; Stephen received at, 277; Matilda received at, 321; palace, 325; siege, 326; Matilda’s escape from, 327, 328; councils at, 305, 322, 402; hospital of S. Cross, 357; coronations at, ii. 81, 330; meetings of John and W. of Longchamp at, 298, 299, 300. _See_ Henry, Richard, William
Windsor, ii. 182, 314, 323, 328
Witham, river, i. 38, 40
Wolvesey-house, i. 325
Woodstock, Henry I. at, i. 44, 94; Henry II. and Thomas at, ii. 31, 32; Welsh princes at, 14, 179; council at, 14–16, 43, 44
Wool-trade, Flemish and English, i. 30, 52
Worcester, i. 35; its historical school, 81, 82; Henry II. at, 439
Würzburg, council at, ii. 56
York, i. 36; Henry I.’s charter to, _ib._; S. Mary’s abbey, 71; dispute for the primacy, 354, 355, 364–366; tumults at, 380; Henry Murdac enthroned at, 381; end of the schism, 382; Henry II. and William the Lion at, ii. 178; massacre of Jews at, 289, 290; council at, 340; commune at, 469. _See_ Geoffrey, Henry, Hubert, Hugh, John, Roger, Thurstan, William
Yorkshire, its condition under Henry I., i. 36, 38
_ERRATA_
Page 71, line 3, _for_ “the two kings” _read_ “they.” ” 81, ” 3 from foot, _for_ “Caen” _read_ “Avranches.” ” 81, note 6, line 11, _for_ “doubtless” _read_ “probably.” ” 147, ” 3, ” 6, _for_ “Châteauneuf” _read_ “Neufchâtel.” ” 152, line 16, _for_ “Robert” _read_ “Roger.” ” 155, ” 8, _dele_ “in person.” ” 157, ” 7, _for_ “thousand” _read_ “hundred.” ” 160, ” 22, _for_ “Robert” _read_ “Roger.” ” 160, lines 22, 23, _dele_ “had ... now.” ” 163, line 5, from foot, _for_ “Robert” _read_ “Roger.”
END OF VOL. II.
_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, _Edinburgh_.
MESSRS. MACMILLAN & CO.’S PUBLICATIONS.
--------------------
WORKS BY E. A. FREEMAN, D.C.L., LL.D.,
_Regius Professor of Modern History in the University of Oxford, &c._
THE CHIEF PERIODS OF EUROPEAN HISTORY. Six Lectures read in the University of Oxford in Trinity Term, 1885, with an Essay on GREEK CITIES under ROMAN RULE.
CONTENTS:--Europe before the Roman Power--Rome the Head of Europe--Rome and the New Nations--The Divided Empire--Survivals of Empire--The World Romeless. Greek Cities under Roman Rule. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.
THE METHODS OF HISTORICAL STUDY. Eight Lectures read in the University of Oxford in Michaelmas Term, 1884, with the Inaugural Lecture on the Office of the Historical Professor.
CONTENTS:--The Office of the Historical Professor--History and its Kindred Studies--The Difficulties of Historical Study--The Nature of Historical Evidence--Original Authorities--Classical and Mediæval Writers--Subsidiary Authorities--Modern Writers--Geography and Travel--Index. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.
GREATER GREECE AND GREATER BRITAIN, AND GEORGE WASHINGTON THE EXPANDER OF ENGLAND. Two Lectures, with an Appendix on Imperial Federation. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.
HISTORICAL ESSAYS. First Series. Fourth Edition. 8vo. 10s. 6d.