Chapter 18
Part 18
Javelin-throwing, 222f.; athletic type of, 223; for distance, 223; from horseback, on vase-paintings, 223; at games of Patroklos, 222; origin of, mythical, 222; positions in, 223f.; positions, given by E. N. Gardiner, 223; practical, in war and the chase, 223; in sculpture, 224; two types of, 222, 223.
Jockey, nude, on vase-paintings, 280; in short-sleeved chiton, on b.-f. Panathenaic vase, 280.
Jones, H. Stuart, on Pliny’s _Perseus et pristae of Myron_, 188.
Joubin, A., on Delphi _Charioteer_, 278; on Olympia gable sculptures, 114.
Juba II, King of Numidia, 166.
Juethner, J., on Greek origin of javelin-throwing, 222; on shapes of jumping-weights, 214f.; on _Standing Diskobolos_, 220; on statue of boxer from Sorrento, 243.
Jumping, 214f.; adapted to painter and not to sculptor, 217; ancient records in, 216; modern records in, with and without weights, 216; modern record in, front spring-board, 216; most difficult feature of pentathlon, 216; most representative feature of pentathlon, 214; in Odyssey, 9, 214; as part of pentathlon, 214; popularity of, 216; spring-board not used in Greece in, 216; various moments in, depicted on vases, 216, 217; with weights, 216, 217.
Jumping-weights (ἁλτῆρες), 214f.; as attribute of pentathletes, 164; on bronze statue in Berlin, 164; dedications of, 22; forms of, 214f.; club-like form, 215; semispherical, 215; forms of, divided by Philostratos, 215; shown on vases, 215; on mosaic in Lateran, 215; not in Homer, 214; on r.-f. kylix in Munich, 164; on relief from Sparta, 164; on Roman copies of Greek athlete statues, 215; on statue of Hysmon, at Olympia, 164; on statues in Dresden and Florence, 215; stone, from Corinth and Olympia, 215; on tree-trunk beside statue, 164; use of, according to Aristotle and Philostratos, 216; use of, in medical gymnastics, 21; use of, according to vase-paintings, 216.
Justin, on chariot-groups at Delphi, 26.
Ka-aper, wood statue of, in Cairo, 330; statue of “wife” of, so-called, in Cairo, 330.
Kabbadias, P., on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, 81.
Kabeirion, statuette from, 28.
Kalamis, sculptor, 36, 324; Kalamis and _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ type, 89; characterized, 90, 279; chariot-groups by, 23; criticism of, by Cicero, 60; horse-groups by, 24, 279; horses by, characterized by Pliny, 62; jockeys on horseback by, 23; Kalamis and nude charioteer from Esquiline, 276; Kalamis and Onatas, 219, 264, 267, 268; Kalamis and Praxiteles, 268; as predecessor of Pheidias, 279; statues at Olympia by, set up by the Akragantines, 130; Kalamis as unrivalled sculptor of horses, 279.
Kalkmann, A., on _Herakles Alexikakos_ of Hagelaïdas, 110; on kneeling figures from West gable of temple on Aegina, 195; on proportions of face in Greek sculpture, 67.
Kallias, statue at Athens, 27, 182, 183, 365; statue at Olympia, 45, 129, 251, 352, 365.
Kallikles, sculptor, 365.
Kallikrates, dates of victories of, at Olympia, 301; statue at Olympia, 121, 298.
Kallimachos, on statues of Euthymos being struck by lightning, 364.
Kallippos, bribes opponents and is fined, 34.
Kallistratos, characterizes Skopas, 309.
Kalliteles, statue at Olympia, 265, 347.
Kallon, sculptor, 122, 125.
Kallon, victor, statue at Olympia, 121.
Kalydonian boar hunt, represented in Tegea pediment group, 307.
Kanachos, the Elder, sculptor, 24, 118, 120, 279, 324, 336; _celetizontes pueri_, by, 120; compared with Kallon, 122; criticism of, by Cicero, 60.
Kanachos, the Younger, sculptor, 120.
Kantharos, sculptor, 122.
Kaphisias, sculptor, 368, 375.
Kapros, boxing-match with Kleitomachos, 247; bronze foot from statue of, 255, 346; first to win pankration and wrestling at Olympia on same day, 252; Kapros and bronze boxer head from Olympia, 254; two statues at Olympia, 29, 342, 354.
Karrhotos, charioteer, 267.
Kasia Mnasithea, statue base at Olympia, 360.
Kassel, statue of Apollo in, 360; statue of boxer in, 46, 155; head of _Diadoumenos_ of Polykleitos in, 153, 154.
Kastor, victor in foot-race at Olympia, 96; as horse-racer, 96; hurls stone diskos, 218.
Kebriones, 5.
Kekulé, on the _Idolino_, 141, 142; on Olympia gable sculptures, 114; on the _Spinario_, 201; on the _Standing Diskobolos_, 76.
Kephisodotos, sculptor, 252.
Kerameikos, Athens, 11.
Keramopoullos, A. D., on the Delphi _Charioteer_, 278.
Kerykeion, symbol of Hermes, 71, 72, 78, 82, 88, etc.
Kettle, prize at early games, 20.
Kicking, allowed in pankration, 246, 247.
Kietz, on the _Standing Diskobolos_, 78.
Kimon, son of Miltiades, 18.
Kimon, son of Stesagoras, bronze mares of, at Athens, 27, 363.
Kirchhoff, A., on statue of Hermolykos on Akropolis, 373.
Kirghiz, the, of India, funeral games among, 12.
Kittos, boxing and wrestling scenes on Panathenaic amphora of, 248.
Kitylos and Dermys, grave-figures of, from Tanagra, 335.
Kladeos, the, river at Olympia, 299, 342, 357, 358.
Klazomenai, paintings from, 52; reliefs from, 264, 268.
Klein, W., on the Boston _Charioteer_ (?), 275; on the _Idolino_, 141; on the _Jason_ of Louvre, 86; on the _Oil-pourer_ of Munich, 134.
Kleito; see Polykleitos.
Kleitomachos, statue at Olympia, 353; identified wrongly with the _Seated Boxer_ of Museo delle Terme, Rome, 253; story of, from Polybios, 147, 247.
Kleitor, son of Azan, 9.
Kleitor, relief from, 132.
Kleobis (?), statue of, from Delphi, 105.
Kleoitas, sculptor, 27.
Kleomedes, heroized at death, 35.
Kleomenes, sculptor, 85.
Kleon, sculptor, 69, 120, 121, 164; leg position of statues by, 159.
Kleonai, 17.
Kleosthenes, King of Pisa, 15.
Kleosthenes, of Epidamnos, chariot-group of, at Olympia, 23, 266, 344, 345.
Knee-runners, on bronze tripod reliefs, 194; on small bronze relief in Metropolitan Museum, 194; on marble relief of dying hoplite runner, 194; on small bronzes, 195; on vases, 194; statue of kneeling youth from Subiaco, 195.
Knights, Helbig on Greek, 282; Homeric method of, fighting from chariot, 272, 282; on Parthenon frieze, 281.
Knossos, bull-grappling at, 1, 2; ivory statuettes from, 3; paved inclosure at, 3; reliefs from, 3, 4; seal from, showing huge horse, 1; theatral area at, 3; toreadors on wall-paintings from, 1, 3.
Koblanos, sculptor, 242.
Kodias (Κῳδίας), jumping-weight of, 40.
Koehler, U., on the _Apoxyomenos_ of Vatican, 290.
Koerte, on name “Apollo” for early statues, 335.
_Korai_, statues of, on Akropolis, 53, 115.
Koroibos, victor in first recorded Olympiad, 15, 191.
Kostobokoi, barbarian invaders of Greece, 370, 371.
Kouroniotis, K., letter of, quoted 327.
Kranaos, or Granianos, statue near Sikyon, 370.
Krates, victor as herald at Olympia, 283.
Kratinos, statue at Olympia, 122; set up by trainer of, 31.
Kratisthenes, chariot-group of, at Olympia, 179, 268.
Kresilas, sculptor, 36, 93; the _Alkibiades_ of Vatican ascribed to, by Furtwaengler, 199; _Doryphoros_ by, 145; portrait of Perikles by, 56; statue of the _Wounded Amazon_ by, 157.
Kresilæan athlete head, five copies of, 144, 145.
Kreugas, crowned after death, 247; killed in boxing match, 236, 247; statue at Argos, 236, 237.
Krison, statue ascribed to, by Furtwaengler, 200.
Kritios, sculptor, 115, 126, 173, 174; criticism of, by Lucian, 60; Kritios and Tux bronze 207.
Kritodamos, statue at Olympia, 120, 344, 352.
_Krobylos_, old Attic hair-fashion, 51, 52, 89, 128, 135, 270.
Krokon, dedicates small bronze horse at Olympia, 23, 279.
Kronos, altar of, at Olympia, 16; wrestling match of, with Zeus, 14.
Krotonians, famed as pentathletes, 60.
Ktesibios, philosopher, on ball-playing, 84.
Kylon, conspiracy of, in Athens, 362; statue on Akropolis, 106, 333, 337, 362.
Kylon, of Elis, honor statue at Olympia, 42.
Kyniska, bronze horses of, at Olympia, 265, 267; chariot-group of, at Olympia, 23, 131, 267, 299, 342, 367; first woman to enter and win chariot-race at Olympia, 267, 367; shrine in honor of, at Sparta, 367.
Kyniskos, statue at Olympia, 74, 117, 239; copies of (?), 156f., 159; foot position on base of statue of, 239; date of victory, 160.
Kynosarges, Attic amphora from Gymnasion of, 13.
Kypselos, chest of, at Olympia, 12, 13.
Kypselos, King of Arkadia, 57.
Kyrene, the _Dionysia_ at, 50; head from, 89; personified as charioteer in Delphi group, 277, 278; statue found in baths of, 141.
Kyrnos, battle of, 373.
Ladas, of Sparta, fleetness of, 364; grave of, 365; stadion in honor of, 365; statue in Argos, 364; statue of, by Myron, 196f., 364; compared with that of girl runner of Vatican, 197; epigrams on statue of, 196, 197; pose of, 197; story of death of, 196.
Lakonia, statues of Herakles in, 319.
Laloux and Monceaux, on Philandridas head, 294.
Lamia, date of battle of, 301; relief from, 132.
Lampos, chariot-group at Olympia, 268.
_Lancellotti_ (or _Massimi_) _Diskobolos_, 184 and note 2.
Lange, F. A., on Egyptian influence on early Greek culture, 332.
Lange, J., on law of “frontality,” 175, 328; on Olympia gable sculptures, 114.
_Lansdowne Herakles_, statue, 81, 82; ascribed to Myron, 181; head of, compared with that of Philandridas, 298; regarded as Lysippan, 298, 311; regarded as Skopaic, 313.
_Laokoön_, the, group, Pliny’s praise of, 61; as realistic work, 289; of Lessing, 54, 187.
Las, statue of Herakles near, 319.
Lasso, boy throwing, wrongly identified with statue of kneeling youth from Subiaco, 196.
Lateran, athlete mosaic in, 215; boxers on relief in, 238.
Laurel, as prize at Delphi, 20, 21.
Laurentum, now Castel Porziano, 184.
Leaf, W., on chariot-race in the Iliad, 8.
Leaping-weights; see Jumping-weights.
Lechat, on bronze statue found in sea off Antikythera, 84; on evolution of Greek sculpture, 329; on the housing of stone statues, 325.
Leg, right lower, fragment of victor statue, 322; leg holds in pankration, 247; “free” and “rest” legs, as motives in sculpture, 109, 226.
Lekythion, athletic attribute, 84.
Lekythos, 137, 138.
_Lemnian Athena_, the, statue in Dresden, 53.
_Lemniskos_, 155, 156.
Leon, statue of, 366.
Leonidaion, the, (_Suedwestbau_), at Olympia, 339, 340, 346, 347, 348, 350, 353, 355, 356.
Leonidas, at Thermopylae, 51; funeral games in honor of, 11.
Leonidas, of Naxos, statue at Olympia, 346, 347.
Leontiskos, painter, 29.
Leontiskos, of Sicily, statue at Olympia, 62, 179, 183, 249.
Lessing, characterization of _Diadoumenos_ and _Doryphoros_ by, 152; on most fruitful moment to be chosen by artist, 178. See _Laokoön_.
Libation-pourer, statue of, 143, 144.
Libation-pouring, 138f.
Libya, figure in Delphi group, 277; oracle of, 31.
Lichas, statue at Olympia, 31, 342; scourged by umpires, 33, 149.
Life, athlete, happy, 36.
Lifelike statues, 59.
Life-size statues at Olympia, 46.
Ligourió, bronze statuette from, 105, 111, 114.
_Limping Man_, the, statue at Syracuse, 182.
Lindos, temple of Athena at, 345.
Loeb collection, Munich, bronze group of wrestlers in, 232, 233; bronze statuette in, 136; bronze statuette of boy-rider in, 282; three bronze tripods in, 194, 264.
Loeschke, G. L., on appellation “Apollo” for early statues, 335; on statue of Kylon on Akropolis, 362 and note 7.
Loewy, E., on Delian _Diadoumenos_, 92; on group of Kyniska, at Olympia, 267; on style of statue of Pythokles, at Olympia, 213.
Loin-cloth, of athletes, 47; absence of, on Cretan frescoes, 47; worn by Asiatics, 48; in Homer, 47; on early vases, 47, 48; dropped first by Orsippos of Megara, 47; Plato on, 48; used by boxers and wrestlers, 48.
Lokroi, Ozolian, colonization of the, 201.
Lokros, ancestor of the Ozolian Lokroi, 201.
Longpérier, H. A., on bronze statuette in Paris, 142.
Long race (δόλιχος), at Olympia, 190; boys admitted to, at Delphi, 190; men admitted to, at Olympia, 190.
Lucian, on apples as prizes at Delphi, 21, 107; on art criticism, 60; criticism of Hegias, Kritios, and Nesiotes, by, 175; description of _Diskobolos_ by, 186, 187; ideal statue of, 60; on life-size victor statues, 45, 227; on prohibition against biting and gouging in pankration, 246; on statue of Pelichos, 56; on statue of Theagenes on Thasos, 364.
Lucius Verus, coins of, 21.
_Luctator anhelans_, painting of, by Naukeros, 233.
_Lykaia_, the, statues at the games of, 26.
Lykaios, Mount, in Arkadia, hippodrome on, 258.
Lykidas, of Sparta, enters colts as full-grown horses at Olympia, 259.
Lykinos, of Elis, statue at Olympia, 343.
Lykinos, of Heraia, statue at Olympia, 121.
Lykinos, of Sparta, two statues at Olympia, 24, 29, 265, 266.
Lykios, sculptor, 134, 243.
Lykomedes, bases of two statues at Olympia, 358.
Lykourgos, of Sparta, 15, 51.
Lykourgos, rhetorician, 27.
Lyre-playing, at Delphi, 25.
Lyres, in Parthenon, 23.
Lysandros, statue at Olympia, 343.
Lysippos, of Elis, victor statue of, by Andreas, 118, 354.
Lysippos, sculptor, 36, 375; as art reformer, 301; borrows from other sculptors, 291; canon of, 68, 69, 136, 288; characteristics of, 311; chariot-groups by, 23; circle of, 131, 255; as court sculptor of Alexander, 296, 318; criticism of, by Pliny, 61; date of, 300f.; dates of Lysippos, Skopas, and Praxiteles, 301; divergent style of, 253; follows _Doryphoros_ and nature, 301; improvements in hair technique by, 53, 296; influence of, on realism, 56; influenced by Skopas, 291, 301; inscription on base of statue in Pharsalos by, 287; _Lansdowne Herakles_ ascribed to, 313; Lysippos and Skopas compared, 311f.; Lysippos and type of weary Herakles, 253; makes 1500 statues, 302; Philandridas head at Olympia, by, 298; portraiture after time of, 54; poses of statues of, 44; regarded exclusively as bronze founder, 302; statue of Agias by, 286, 366; statues of _destringentes se_, by, 136; statues of, at Olympia, 121, 266; surpasses earlier artists in symmetry, 66; as worker in marble, 302f.
Lysistratos, sculptor, first to make plaster moulds from face, 56, 255, 304.
Macedon, coins of, showing racing chariots, 262; kings of, 73; princes of, as horse-racers, 357.
Mach, E. von, against oriental influence on Greek sculpture, 329; on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, 84; on the _Charioteer_ (?) in Boston, 275, 276; on original of _Farnese Herakles_, 253.
Madrid, copy of _Diadoumenos_ in, 153; Ildefonso group in, 153.
Mæcenas, and victor privileges in Rome, 33.
Magna Græcia, cities of, honor victors, 35; fond of hippodrome contests, 258.
Magnesia ad Sipylum, victor statue base from, 370.
Mahler, A., on copies of _Doryphoros_, 224; on identifying statue of Ladas, 197; on the _Idolino_, 141; on resemblance between head of the _Agias_ and Philandridas, 294.
Maiden, figure of, in chariot-groups, 268.
Maltho, gymnasium in Elis, 370.
Manetho, Egyptian dynasties of, 330.
Mantua, statue of Apollo in, 111.
Marathon, battle of, 18, 209; _Herakleia_, the, at, 18.
Marble, less expensive than bronze, 28; some victor statues made of, at Olympia, 324.
Markianopolis, coin of, 87.
Markios, Gnaios, base of statue at Olympia, 359.
_Marsyas_, the, statue by Myron, 134, 183, 184.
Masks, dedication of, 22.
_Massimi Diskobolos_; see _Lancellotti Diskobolos_.
Materials of Olympic victor statues, 321f.
Matz and von Duhn, on so-called _Diomedes_, in Palazzo Valentini, Rome, 207.
Mau, A., on the _Praying Boy_ of Berlin, 132.
Mausoleion, Halikarnassos, chariot frieze from, 271, 289; chariot-group from, 264; small chariot frieze from, 274, 275.
Mausolos, games in honor of, 11.
Maviglia, Ada, on _Diadoumenos_ of Delos, 93; rejects the _Apoxyomenos_ and the _Agias_ as evidence of style of Lysippos, 290.
Mayer, M., on athlete (?) statue from Olympieion, 143; on Myron’s _pristae_, 188.
Medes, the, 11.
Mediterranean culture, 1; gymnastic exercises in, 6; origin of Greek athletics in, 7.
Megakles, victor at Olympia, 363.
Megara, colossal torso of “Apollo” from, 336.
Megara Hyblaia, Sicily, necropolis in, 337; statue of Zeus of, at Olympia, 344.
Meleager, head of, on Praxitelian trunk in Medici Gardens, Rome, 313; statue of, in Fogg Museum, Boston, 314; statue of, in Vatican, 312; statue of Kyniskos converted into, 74.
Melikertes, 10.
Melite, deme of, 110.
Melos, “Apollo” from, 100, 101, 103, 104.
Memorials, miscellaneous, of victors, 40, 41.
Memphis, motion statuettes from, 177; art of, 330.
Mende, offering of people of, at Olympia, 164, 341.
Mendel, M., excavations of, at Tegea, 306; on head of Herakles, from Tegea, 306, 307.
Menedemos, bases of two statues at Olympia, 358.
Menelaos, sculptor, 113.
Mengs, Raphael, painter, cast from collection of, showing swollen ears, 169; on proportions, 68.
Messana, coins of, showing mule-car, 263.
Messene, coins of, 111; hierothesion at, 19.
Messenians, of Naupaktos, 110.
Metageitnion, month of, 18.
Metellus Macedonicus, base of statue at Olympia, 348.
Metrobios, T. Phlabios (Flavius), base of statue at Iasos, 369.
Metrodoros, Aurelios, base of statue at Kyzikos, 371.
Michaelis, A., on _apobates_ chariot-race on Parthenon frieze, 272; on base of statue of Epicharinos, on Akropolis, 372; on use of ἐν δεξιᾷ and ἐν ἀριστερᾷ by Pausanias, 349; on _Lansdowne Herakles_, 298, 313; on Petworth ephebe statue, 133; on the _Standing Diskobolos_, 76; Michaelis, A., and Conze, A., on “Apollo” type as victor statues, 335.
Middle Kingdom, Egypt, dates of, 330 and note 6; sculptures of, 330.
Mikon, of Athens, sculptor, 61, 62, 129.
Mikon, of Syracuse, sculptor, 375.
Mikythos, or Smikythos, group dedicated at Olympia by, 215, 351.
Milchhoefer, A., on painting by Eupompos, 160.
Miletos, coins of, 74, 118, 119, 336.
Military runner (δρομοκῆρυξ), 209.
Milo, statue at Olympia, 31, 106f., 130, 165, 337.
Miltiades, games in honor of, on Thracian Chersonesos, 11.
Miltiades, son of Kypselos, votive offering at Olympia, 264, 265.
Minoans, the, of Crete, 1; influenced by Orient, 1; love of sports among, 6. See Crete.
Mnaseas, statue at Olympia, 161, 179, 181.
Mnesiboulos, statue in Elateia, 204, 371.
Monceaux; see Laloux and Monceaux.
Mopsos, boxing match with Admetos, 285.
Mosaic, athlete, in Lateran, Rome, 215.
Mosso, A., on _Boxer Vase_, 6; on origin of Greek boxing-glove, 235; on Vapheio cups, 4.
Motion statues, antiquity of, in Greece, 176f.; in Assyro-Babylonian art, 177; in Cretan art, 177; in Egyptian art, 176, 177; in Greece, not developed out of “Apollo” statue type, 177; on early vases, 177; victor statues in, 173f.; victor statues in various contests, 188f.
Motives, general, of statues in motion, 188f.; at rest, 130f.
Mounot, Étienne, sculptor, 185.
Mueller, K. O., on common features of victor statues, 44.
Mule-car, on Rhegian and Messanian coins, 263.
Mule-race (ἀπήνη); see Chariot-race with mules.
_Munich King_, statue so-called, 226.
Muscles, in Cretan art, 3, 4.
Muses, group of, by Hagelaïdas, Arostokles and Kanachos, 118.
Musical contests, dedications for, at Olympia and elsewhere, 283f.; at Delphi, 25; honor dedications for, at Olympia, 285; monuments for, victor or votive in character, 284; at Olympia, non-athletic, 283, 285, represented on imitation Panathenaic vases, 284; on reliefs, 284; victors in, at Delphi, 284; victor statues for musicians, on Helikon, 284.
Mussius, L., gravestone of, 72.
Mycenæ, 1, 7; lack of athletic scenes at, 8; no Egyptian influence on art of, 332.
Mykale, battle of, 373.
Myrina, terra-cotta statuettes from, 135.
Myron, sculptor, 183f., 324, 353, 375; αὐτάρκεια of, 183; criticism of, by Cicero, 60; by Pliny, 180, 184; dated by Pliny, 61; love of movement of, 183; Myron and _Hermes Ludovisi_, 85; Myron and Pythagoras, difficulty of separating works of, 181, 245; Myron and _Standing Diskobolos_, 76; Olympic victor statues by, 129, 187f., 245, 333; poses of victor statues by, 44; pupil of Hagelaïdas, 110; as realist, 188; statue of Ladas by, 196f.; surpasses Polykleitos in rhythm and symmetry, 66; versatility of, 188; victor statues at Delphi by, 26, 188.
Myron, tyrant of Sikyon, dedicates bronze chapel at Olympia, 41.
Mytilene, statue from, 92.
Narkissos, 158.
Narykidas, base of statue at Olympia, 342.
Natalis, L. Minikios (Minicius), equestrian monument at Olympia, 37.
_Natural History_, of Pliny; see _Historia Naturalis_.
Naturalism, in Greek Art, 44.
Naukratis, Egypt, 105, 329, 334.
Naukydes, sculptor, 76, 117, 120; leg position of statues by, 159; Naukydes and _Standing Diskobolos_, 76f.; Naukydes and canon of Polykleitos, 69; statue of Cheimon by, characterized by Pausanias, 62.
Naupaktos, 110.
Nausikaa, 83.
Naxos, “Apollo” from, 328, 334; bronze statuette from, 74, 119; statue of Nikandre from, 177.
Nelson, Philip, head in collection of, 157.
Nemea, athletes at, divided into three classes, by ages, 189; athletic contests at, 25; athletic interest of, secondary to that of Olympia, 25; boy contests at, 25; festival at, 1; founded by Adrastos, 17; held every two years, 17; in honor of Opheltes or Archermoros, 10; later in honor of a god, 9; origin of, 9; records of victors at, 21; relief from, 132; retired valley of, 25; revived by Hadrian, 17; statues of victors at, 26; statues of victors at, in Athens, 27; summarily treated by Pausanias, 24; transferred to Argos, 17; under Argive influence, 17; the _Nemea_ of Thebes, 27.
Nemead, first dated, 17.
_Nemesis_, statue by Agorakritos at Rhamnous, 182.
Neolaïdas, statue at Olympia, 120.
Nepos, on first date of representing athlete statues in motion, 173.
Nero, coins of, 21; uses force to win at the _Isthmia_, 34; villa of, at Subiaco, 195; wins chariot-races at Olympia, 257, 262, 369.
Nesiotes, sculptor, criticism of, by Lucian, 60.
Nestor, 8; contests at Bouprasion, 9; statue at Olympia, by Onatas, 122.
Net, on Vapheio cup, 5.
New Empire, Egypt, dates of, 331 and note 2; sculptures of, 331.
Nida-Haddernheim, terra-cotta statuette from, 202.
Nikandre, statue of, 177.
Nikandros, statue at Olympia, 121.
Nikanor, fragment of base of statue at Olympia, 359.
Nikarchos, base of statue at Olympia, 356.
_Nike_, the, of Archermos, 177; bronze figurine from Akropolis, 177; as charioteer, 268; on Ficoroni cista, 269; on hand of statue of Olympian Zeus, at Olympia, 149; on Nike balustrade from Akropolis, 86; on relief in Madrid, 269; on relief from Phaleron, 269; on sarcophagus from Klazomenai, 268. See also Paionios, the _Nike_ of.
Nikeratos, date of archonship of, 194.
Nikeus, casts stone diskos, 218.
Nikodamos, sculptor, 244.
Nikokles, victor monument at Akriai, 372.
Nikomachos, painter, 268; _Victoria quadrigam in sublime rapiens_ by, 268.
Nineveh, reliefs from, 330.
Niobid, identified with statue of youth from Subiaco, 195.
_Nordostgraben_, the, at Olympia, 358.
_Nordwestgraben_, the, at Olympia, 356.
North Greek-Thracian school of sculpture, 114.
Noses, bloody, on vase-paintings, 167.
_Novus Annus_ (?), nude statue found in Rhine identified as, 276.
Nudity, characteristic of archaic statues, 335; as essential difference between Greek and foreigner, 48; not observed by charioteers, 48; of victor statues, 47f.
_Nudus talo incessens_, statue by Polykleitos, 158, 249, 250; statuette from Autun showing the Polykleitan motive, 249, 250.
Numismatic commentary on Pausanias, 306.
Ny-Carlsberg Museum, Copenhagen, archaic head of youth in, 128; two heads in, 180, 181; etc.
Nymphs, altar at Olympia, 351.
Odysseus, 8.
Oibotas, statue at Olympia, 30, 32, 333, 343, 351.
Oil, used in wrestling, 165.
Oil-flask, on r.-f. kylix in Munich, 164.
_Oil-pourer_, bronze statuette of, from South Italy, 135; statue so-called, in Munich, 99, 133f., 137; as Attic work, 137; head in Boston, copy of original of, 134; pose of, 158; torso in Dresden as variant of, 134, 135.
Oil-pouring, on gems, reliefs and terra-cotta statuettes, 135.
Oil-scraping, as athletic motive, 135f.
Oinoanda, base of victor statue from, 371.
Oinomaos, chariot-race with Pelops, 14, 259; column at Olympia, 323, 350, 351.
Olaidas, honor statue at Olympia, 42.
Old Kingdom, Egypt, dates of, 330 and note 3; sculptures of, 330.
Olive, crown of, as prize at Olympia, 155f.; of “Fair Crown,” at Olympia, 20, 351; wild, 20.
Olympia, account of monuments at, by Pausanias, 24; age of boy victors at, 189; antiquity of, from excavations and religious history, 16; athletes at, divided into two classes, by ages, 189; boxer head from, 62; celebrated every four years, 15; controlled by Eleans alone after Persian wars, 15; early controlled by Pisa, 15; early overshadowed by Delphi and Delos, 14, 15; founded before Dorian invasion, 14; funeral origin of, 9; German excavations at, 43; history of, 14; held in honor of a god, 9; held in honor of Pelops, 10; importance of, from seventh century B. C., 15; later controlled by Pisa and Elis, 15; prehistoric buildings at, 16, 349; sacrifices at, to Pelops and Zeus, 11; as sanctuary prior to advent of Achæans, 14; style of head of athlete (Philandridas) from, 293f.; style of gable statues from, 113, 114; traditional history of, by Pausanias and Strabo, 15; two figures from West gable of temple of Zeus from, 195; victor statues in Altis at, 26; etc.
Olympia register, 15.
Olympiad, first dated, 15; traditional first, 8; the 8th, 34th, 104th, 211th, omitted from Elean register, 369.
Olympieion, statue from ruins of, 143.
Olympos, sculptor, 120.
_Omphalos_, from Athens, 89.
Onatas, sculptor, 122; group of Opis at Delphi by, 125; inscribed base from Akropolis, 24, 281; Onatas and East gable statues from temple on Aegina, 125; Onatas and Kalamis, 129, 264; works of, at Olympia, 122, 267.
Onomastos, games of, at Cumae, 20.
Onomastos, of Smyrna, institutes boxing rules at Olympia, 235.
Opheltes, 10.
Opis, group of, at Delphi, by Onatas, 125.
_Opportunity_ (Καιρός), altar at Olympia, 76; statue by Lysippos, 250.
Orchomenos, “Apollo” from, 100, 101, 103, 328, 334; ceiling of treasury of, 329.
Orestes, as his own charioteer, 267.
Oriental influence on early Greek art, 328f.
Originals of victor statues at Olympia, 62f., 322.
Orpheus and Telete, victor group on Helikon, 284.
Orsippos, first athlete to drop the loin-cloth, 47.
_Osthalle_, the, at Olympia, 358.
Overbeck, J., on _Farnese Herakles_, 253; on head of hoplitodromos from Olympia, 163; on heads of Apollo, 275; on Lysippos as exclusively a bronze founder, 302; on Olympia sculptures, 114; on Piombino statuette, 119; _Schriftquellen_ of, 61; on _Standing Diskobolos_, 76.
Oxylos, King of Dorian Eleans, 15.
_Oxyrhynchus Papyri_, the, 31; order of contestants at Olympia in, 189.
Paianios, statue at Olympia, 234.
Paidotribes, or trainer of athletes, 229, 236, 248.
Paint, used on sculptures, 326.
Painting, competition in, at Delphi, 25.
Paintings, as victor monuments, 28.
Paionios, sculptor, 113; the _Nike_ of, at Olympia, 326, 343, 344, 352, 360; replica of, at Delphi, 304; replica of head of, in Rome, 304.
Palæstra, absent in Homer, 7; palæstra gymnast, statuette of, 108; origin of name, 228; statues of athletes in, 297; statues of athletic gods in, 75, 94.
Palaistra, the, at Olympia, 347, 355, 356, 359, 360, etc.; at Pompeii, 224.
Palatine, the, at Rome, 50; fragment of leg of statue from, 89.
Palladion, carried off by Diomedes, 169.
Palm, the, as common measure in proportions, 68.
Palm-branch, on so-called _Apollo-on-the-Omphalos_ and _Apollo Choiseul-Gouffier_, 161; in hand of victorious jockey on coin of Philip II, 280; on statue from Formiae, 161; on statue of girl runner in Vatican, 161; on stele from Dipylon, 161; on unfinished statue of athlete in Athens, 160; on vases, 161; as victor attribute, 50, 160f.
Palm-wreath, common to many games, 21, 160.
Pammachos, statue at Thebes, 368.
Pamphilos, grave-relief of, in Vienna, 97.
Pan, _Doryphoros_ converted into, 74.
_Panathenaia_, the; see Panathenaic games.
Panathenaic amphoræ, runners on, 106, 194; four-horse chariot on, from Sparta, 263; Dyneiketos, victor, on, 280; etc.
Panathenaic games, Great, Athens, acrobatic feats at, 20; contest of beauty at, 57; dedication of victor in chariot-race at, 129; held every fourth year, 18; hydria as prize at, 20; jars of oil as prizes at, 20; money as prizes at, 33; origin of, 17; paintings dedicated by victors at, 29; remodeled by Solon, 17; statue of boy victor at, in Athens, 27.[s/b ;] Little, annual Athenian festival, 18.
Pancratiasts, 246f.; bronze statuette of, from Autun, 249; cap of, 165f.; ear of, as no criterion of athlete statues, 95; group of, in Florence, 99, 233, 251f.; head of, from Olympia, 254, 255; in sculpture, 170, 248.
Pan-hellenic fame of victors at four national games, 33.
_Panionia_, the, festival at Mykale, 19.
Pankration (παγκράτιον), Artemidoros on, 247; biting and gouging allowed at Sparta in, 246; boys’ contest introduced at Olympia, 247; boys’ contests outside Olympia, 247; as combination of boxing and wrestling, 246; contrasted with wrestling, 246; as dangerous sport, 246; eight Pindaric odes in honor of, 246; etymology of word, 246; “fairest” of contests, 246; fight on ground, 248; grips and throws shown on vases, 247; introduced at Olympia, 247; invented by Theseus or Herakles, 247; not in Homer, 247; not so brutal as popularly believed, 246; often ended with preliminary sparring, 249; often resulted in death, 247; pankration and wrestling on same day, 93, 94; popularity of, at Olympia, 247; rules of, 246.
Panodoros, 371.
Pantares, statue at Olympia, 354.
Pantarkes, favorite of Pheidias, 150.
Pantarkes, victor statue at Olympia, 150, 151.
Pantheion, the, at Olympia, 21.
Pantias, sculptor, 268, 279.
Papyrus, containing wrestling instructions, 229.
Paris, statue by Euphranor, 83.
Parnon, Mount, statue of Herakles on, 319.
Paros, torso of ephebe from Akropolis, work of sculptor from, 127.
Parrhasios, painter, 29, 67, 206.
Parsley, not used as prize wreath at Nemea, 21.
Parthenon, frieze of the, 18, 53, 86, 151; Athenian knights on, 281; chariot scenes on, 271; representing _apobates_ race, 272; youth crowning self on, 158; metopes of, 149.
Pasiteles, sculptor, 60, 112; Pasiteles and _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 89; Pasiteles and _Spinario_, 201, 202.
Patrokles, sculptor, 117, 120, 131, 138, 141.
Patroklos, contests at funeral games of, 8; funeral games of, in Iliad, 7f., 11, 51; tripods in honor of, 19.
Pausanias, King of Sparta, flees from ephors, 367; funeral games in honor of, at Sparta, 11.
Pausanias, the _Periegete_, on art, 61; description of Greece by, 43; description of victor statues in Altis by, 339; on girl runners at the _Heraia_ at Olympia, 49, 50; on honor and victor statues, 39; mentions only part of victor statues in Altis, 324; on origin of Olympic games, 15; _periegesis_ of Altis by, 190; on reason for Pythian air being played at pankration, 284, 285; routes (ἔφοδοι) of, in Altis, 339, 341f., 348f.; on similarity between Greek and Egyptian sculptures, 330; on statue of Euthymos, at Olympia, 183; use of words ἐν ἀριστερᾷ and ἐν δεξιᾷ by, 299; on victor statues of poets and musicians on Helikon, 284; on votive character of victor statues at Athens and Olympia, 38; etc.
Payne Knight bronze statuette, so-called, in British Museum, 108, 119.
Peace, temple of, in Rome, 366.
Pearl-string hair technique, 53.
Peisanos, M. Antonios Kallippos, statue at Olympia, 359.
Peisirhodos, victor at Olympia, 47, 49.
Peisistratidai, 128.
Peisistratos, tyrant, 363; head of, so-called, 181.
Peisthetairos, in _Aves_ of Aristophanes, 206.
Pelias, funeral games of, 11; on chest of Kypselos, 12; tripods in honor of, 19.
Pelichos, statue of, 56.
Pelopion, the, at Olympia, 348, 349, 350, 357.
Peloponnesian sculptors, 109f., 114.
Pelops, chariot-race with Oinomaos, 14, 259; contestants at Olympia sacrifice to, 11; Olympian games in honor of, 10; Peloponnesian boys lashed at altar of, 11; statue of, in East gable, temple of Zeus at Olympia, 176; worship of, at Olympia, preceded that of Zeus, 16.
Pensive expression, in portraits of Alexander, 296.
_Pentaëteris_, or four-year festival, 17.
Pentathletes, attributes of, 164, 165; statues in motion, 210f.; statues at rest, 164; on vases, 164.
Pentathlon, the, accompanied by flute, 284; all-round development from, 59, 211; boys’, introduced at Olympia, 210; events in, on r.-f. vases, 210; five events of, 9, 210; diskos throwing, 218f.; javelin throwing, 222f.; jumping, 214f.; jumping most difficult part of, 216; jumping-weights used in, 214; men’s introduced at Olympia, 210; not in Homer, 9, 210; Pythian air played at, 285.
Pergamon, dying Gaul statues from, 255; frieze of Great Altar at, 252; small frieze from, 253.
Periandros, tyrant, gold statue vowed by, 266; refounds Isthmian games, 17.
_Periboëtos_, statue of satyr known as the, 144.
Perikles, 52, 362; portrait of, by Kresilas, 56, 199; statue of slave of, 143.
Perinthos, head from, 179, 180, 181; prototype of Riccardi and Ince Blundell heads, 181.
Peripatetics, criticism of Greek sculpture by the, 58.
_Perixyomenoi_, statues of, 136.
Perrot and Chipiez, on so-called dying hoplite relief, 209.
Perseus and head of Medusa, on engraved gem, 83; Perseus and Danaë, in a chest, 188.
Persian Wars, 51; sack of Akropolis during, 126.
Perugia, statuette of diver (?) from, 217.
Pesaro, the _Idolino_ found at, 141.
Petasos, as attribute of Hermes, 108, 207, note 1, etc.
Peter cista, the, in Vatican, 243.
Petersen, E., on Kyniskos’ statue, 159; on Pythokles’ statue base, 212.
Petrograd, head of athlete in, 180; etc.
Petworth House, Sussex, Kresilæan head of athlete in, 145; statue of ephebe in, 133.
Phaistos, theatral area at, 3.
Phanas, head ascribed to, 163; statue at Olympia, 106, 355.
Pharsalos, home of Daochos, 286; statue base of the _Agias_ at, 303.
Phaÿllos, record diskos-throw of, 216; record jump of, 216; statue at Delphi, 26.
Pheidias, 36, 110; goddess types of, 53; ideal tendency of, 152; relation of, to _Diadoumenos Farnese_, 151; relation of, to _Hermes Ludovisi_, 85; statue of boy crowning himself at Olympia by, 150f.
Pheidippides, runner, 209.
Pheidolas, sons of, monument at Olympia, 23, 279.
Pheidon, king of Argos, 15.
Pheneus, games at, 76.
Pherenike, mother of Peisirhodos, 47, 49.
Phigalia, victor statue of Arrhachion in market-place of, 326.
Philandridas, date of victory of, 300; head from statue of, at Olympia, by Lysippos, identified, 293f.; head called youthful Herakles by some, 297; compared with head of boy athlete from Sparta, 316f.; crushed ear of, 168; location of, in Altis, 300; under life-size, 46.
_Philesian Apollo_, of elder Kanachos, 74, 107, 108, 118-120, 336 and note 1; “double” of, in Thebes, 304.
Philinos, statue at Olympia, 30, 55.
Philios, D., on dying hoplite relief, so-called, 209.
Philip II, king of Macedon, coin of, showing victorious jockey with palm-branch, 280; coins of, showing Athenian type of chariot, 263; equestrian victor at Olympia, 257, 263.
Philippeion, the, at Olympia, 353, 355, 356, 357, 358.
Philippopolis, coin of, 78.
Philippos, of Kroton, Olympic victor, heroön of, at Egesta, 35, 57, 363.
Philippos, of Pellene, inscribed bronze plate from victor statue base at Olympia, 244f.
Philistos, monument base at Olympia, 357.
Phillen, or Philys, statue at Olympia, 344.
Philon, statue at Olympia, 122.
Philonides, courier of Alexander, honor statue at Olympia, 42, 346, 356, 359.
Philonides, sculptor, 109, 266.
Philonikos, base of statue at Olympia, 358.
Philokrates, base of statue at Olympia, 368.
Philoktetes, in Sophokles’ drama, the _Philoctetes_, 59.
Philostratos, of Rhodes, adversary of Straton at Olympia, 34.
Philostratos, on athletes wearing coarse mantle, 47; on Eleans allowing strangling in pankration, 246; on jumping-weights, 215, 216; on method of putting on boxing thongs, 236; on omitted 211th Olympiad, 369; on pankration as “fairest of contests,” 246; on prohibition against biting and gouging in pankration, 246; on reason for nudity of Olympic athletes, 47; on Spartans allowing biting and gouging in pankration, 246; on statue of Milo, 106, 337; on style of long race, 194; on reason for Pythian air being played at pentathlon, 285.
Philotimos, sculptor, 123, 264, 268, 279.
Philoumenos, inscription from base of statue of, 371.
Philys; see Phillen.
Phlegon, on olive crown, 20.
Phœnicians, the, transmit Assyrian and Egyptian designs to Greece, 330.
Phokis, confederacy of, sets up statue at Olympia, 30.
Phormis, offering at Olympia, 28, 62, 163, 264.
Phorystas, base of statue from Tanagra, 368.
Phradmon, sculptor, 117.
Phrikias, head ascribed to, 162, 163, 353; statue at Olympia, 106.
Phrixos, on shield relief, 162.
Physical differences, in athletes, 59.
Piankhi, King of Aethiopia and invader of Egypt, 331.
Pictorial hair technique, 53.
Pinakotheke, the, at Athens, 29.
Pinax, of victresses at the _Heraia_, at Olympia, 49; votive on Attic vase, 29; πινάκιον, iconic, 182.
Pindar, on boxing and wrestling, 8; on connection of Pelops with Olympia, 10; on early value of bronze, 19; on non-existence of the pentathlon in heroic days, 210; ode on flutist Sakadas, 284; scholia on, 26, 130, 190; seventh Olympic ode of, 343; sings praises of victors, 36; sixth Pythian ode of, 267; writes eight odes in praise of pankration, 246.
Pine, the, at the Isthmus, 21; wreath of, at the Isthmus, 20; at Nemea, 21.
Piombino, bronze statuette from, 118.
Pison, sculptor, 278.
Plane-tree Grove, Sparta, 319, 367.
Plastic hair technique, 53.
Platæa, the _Eleutheria_ at, 11.
Platæan _Zeus_, the, statue at Olympia, 344.
Plato, on boys’ stade-race, 191; divides athletes into three classes, 189; on Egyptian art, 60; on happy life of victors, 36; on length of stade-race for boys, 191; on length of stade-race for ephebes, 191; on loin-cloth, 48; mentions σφαῖραι, 237; on mythical origin of wrestling, 228; omits pankration in his ideal state, 246; protests against competition in athletics, 36; on swollen ear of athletes, 167.
Plectra, in Parthenon, 23.
Pliny, on Alkamenes’ _Enkrinomenos_, 77; on the _Apoxyomenos_ of Lysippos, 289; on art, 60, 61; on custom of setting up statues of victors at Olympia, 27, 324, 354; on Euphranor’s canon, 69; on Eutychides, sculptor, 121; on Greek origin of equestrian monuments, 24; _Historia Naturalis_ of, 43, 321; on iconic statues, 54, 55; on Kanachos’ statue of the _Philesian Apollo_, 118; on Kanachos’ _celetizontes pueri_, 120; on Kresilas’ portrait of Perikles, 56; on Lysippos’ proportions, 46; on Lysistratos making portraits from plaster moulds, 56; on monotony in the art of Polykleitos, 152, 226; on Myron, 184; on nudity of athletes, 47; on the _nudus talo incessens_ of Polykleitos, 249, 250; on representing victors by paintings, 29; on the sculptor Apellas, 267; on the _Splanchnoptes_ of Styphax, 143; on statue of pancratiast at Delphi by Pythagoras, 26; on statue represented in prayer, 130; on statue of victors by Myron at Delphi, 26; on symmetry, 66; etc.
Plutarch, on Apollo as boxer, 88; on art, 61; on portraits of Alexander by Lysippos, 290, 328.
_Plutus_, the, of Aristophanes, quoted, 36.
Poetic competitions at Delphi, 25.
Poets, statues on Helikon, 284; statues at Olympia, 285.
Polemon, on statue of Leon, 366; on statue of Epicharinos, 372.
Polites, victor at Olympia, 354.
Pollux, describes game of σκαπέρδη, 236.
Pollux; see Polydeukes.
_Pollux_, the statue in Louvre, so-called, 180, 181, 188, 245.
Polybios, on Kleitomachos, boxer of Thebes, 147.
_Polychalchos_, surname of Spartan victor Polykles, 266.
Polydamas, relief from base of statue of, 303; statue of, at Olympia, by Lysippos, 32, 45, 121, 298, 299; statue of, cures fevers, 364.
Polydeukes, boxing-match with Amykos on Ficoroni cista, 269; as famed boxer, 235; wins boxing match at Olympia, 96, 235.
Polykleitos, the Elder, sculptor, 117, 118; _Apoxyomenos_ of, 136; called Kleito by Sokrates, in Xenophon’s _Memorabilia_, 59; canon of, 68, 111, 136, 148, 288; characteristics of, 152; date of, by Pliny, 61; _destringentesse_ of, 136, 288; _Diadoumenos_ of, 152, 154; _Doryphoros_ of, 211, 224f.; as idealist, 188; influence of, on Lysippos, 291; influenced by Attic art, 152; innovation of, in statue poses, 226; monotony of, 152, 226; poses of victor statues of, 44; pupil of Hagelaïdas, 110; pupils of, 139; victor statues of, 36.
Polykleitos, the Younger, sculptor, statues of victors at Olympia by, 30, 117, 118.
Polykles, the Elder, sculptor, 129, 324.
Polykles, victor group at Olympia, 150, 266.
Polymedes, sculptor, 105.
Polypeithes, chariot-group at Olympia, 23, 265, 347.
Polyxenos, statue at Olympia, 359.
Polyzalos, brother of Gelo, 278.
Pomegranate, attribute of victor statues, 107, 165.
Pompeii, _Doryphoros_ of Polykleitos found at, 70; Palaistra at, 87.
Poros sculptures, 53, 128.
Porto d’Anzio, statue from, 135, 144.
Portraiture, Greek, 54, 55f.; privilege of erecting portrait statues at Olympia, 57, 354; privilege rarely given, 57; realistic, 56, 57.
Poseidon, altar at Isthmus, 259; god of contests, 75; pine sacred to, 21; sanctuary at Isthmus, 21; statue from Melos, 73, 74; surnamed ἵππιος, at Sparta, 362.
Poses, of victor statues, found on various sculptured and painted works, 44; general, of victor statues at rest, 130f.; general, of victor statues in motion, 188f.
Poulsen, F., on the _Agias_, 291, note 2.
Prado, copy of _Diadoumenos_ of Polykleitos in the, Madrid, 153.
Praisos, seal from, 3.
Praxidamas, wood statue at Olympia, 106, 322, 326, 333, 337, 351.
Praxiteles, sculptor, 36, 80; the _Agias_ of Lysippos influenced by, 291; art of, rooted in fifth century B. C., 134; as bronze worker, 303; delicate male types of, 297; hair technique of, 53; head-type of, 77, 309; Praxiteles and boy athlete head from Sparta, 305, 311; Praxiteles and Kalamis, chariot-group by, 268; Praxiteles and Philandridas head from Olympia, 293; Praxiteles and Skopas differentiated, 311; statue of a ψελιουμένη by, 131.
Prayer, as motive in votive monuments, 130; position of hands in Greek, 132; statue of youth represented in, from Carinthia, 131; statue of youth represented in, Berlin, 131; statuette of youth represented in, Metropolitan Museum, 132, 133.
_Praying Boy_, the, statue so-called, in Berlin, 131, 132.
Preuner, E., on inscription from statue base in Pharsalos, 286, 317, 318, 363.
_Pristae_, by Myron, 188.
Prizes, on chest of Kypselos, 13; at contests of beauty, 57; early athlete, 18f.; at games of Azan, 9; at games of Patroklos, 19.
Processional entrance, the, of the Altis, 347.
Processional way, the, of the Altis, 348, 349, 350.
Professionalism in athletics, at Olympia, 361; protests against, 36, 37.
Profile, first example of Greek, 116.
Prokles, statue at Olympia, 345, 346.
Promachos, statues at Olympia and Pellene, 31, 304, 323, 325, 326, 367.
_Proportio_, in Greek art, 66.
Proportions, canons of, 65f.; in Egyptian art, 67; Fritsch on, of body, 67; Kalkmann on, of face, 67.
Prose writers, statues at Olympia, 285.
Protogenes, athlete painted by, 29.
Protolaos, statue at Olympia, 179, 352.
Prytaneion, the, in Athens, victors eat at public expense at, 32; the, in Olympia, 299, 342, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360.
Psammetichos, tyrant of Corinth, 17.
Pseudo-Andokides, 363.
Pseudo-Plutarch, on statue of Isokrates at Athens, 24 and note 11, 27 and note 4, 281, 373.
Ptoion, Mount, statues of “Apollo” from, 100, 101, 102, 103, 334; tripods in temple of Apollo on, 19.
Ptolemy, Gymnasion at Athens, 166.
Ptolichos, sculptor, 61, 122.
Puchstein, O., on location of Great Altar of Zeus at Olympia, 349.
Pummeling, allowed in pankration, 246.
Pyanepsion, month of, 18.
Pyrilampes, statue at Olympia, 343, 346, 353.
Pythagoras, sculptor, 138, 178f., 364, 375; dated by Pliny, 61; first to aim at rhythm and symmetry, 67, 179; first to express sinews and veins, 138; Pythagoras and _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 89; Pythagoras and Delphi _Charioteer_, 278; Pythagoras and Myron, 181, 245; Pythagoras and Tux bronze, 207; statue of Delphic pancratiast by, 26, 178, 182; statue of _mala ferens nudus_ by, 107; style of, 179; victor statues at Olympia, by, 36, 62, 161, 178f., 268.
Pytheos, see Pythis.
Pythes, honor statue at Olympia, 42.
_Pythia_, the, festival at Delphi, 16, 17; as athletic meet, inferior to Nemea and Isthmia, 24, 25; as festival, second to Olympia, 24; in honor of the Python, 10; statue of victor at, in Athens, 27. See Delphi.
Pythian air, played at pentathlon, 88, 285.
_Pythian Apollo_, the, statue of, 330, 334.
Pythis, or Pytheos, architect, 264.
Python, the, at Delphi, 10, 25.
Pythokles, replicas of statues of, 212f.; statue of, at Olympia, 93, 117, 159 and note 3, 211, 212, 343.
Pythokritos, flutist, honor statue at Olympia, 42, 285, 352.
Pythokritos, sculptor, 244.
Pyxis, from Knossos, 7.
_Quadrigae_, mentioned by Pliny, 264. See Chariot-race.
Quatremère de Quincy, on _Borghese Warrior_, 208.
“Quiet grandeur” (_stille Grosse_) of Greek Art, 57.
Quintilian, on art, 61; on the _Doryphoros_ of Polykleitos, 70, 226; on the _Diskobolos_ of Myron, 187.
Quintus Smyrnæus, on jumping among the Trojans, 214.
Quiver, on Torlonia copy of the _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 89.
Quoit; see Diskos.
_Ram-offerer_, statue by Naukydes, 78.
Rampin head, of Louvre, 126, 128, 176; hair technique of, 53.
Ra-nefer, limestone statue in Cairo, 330.
Rayet, on _Borghese Warrior_, 208.
Rayet-Jacobsen head, so-called, in Copenhagen, 127, 128, 167, 337.
Realism in Greek art, 56, 57, 146f.; in Greek portraiture, 56, 57.
Reconstruction of Olympic victor statues, 43f.
Reinach, S., on bronze statue of youth from Antikythera, 83; on stone statues being placed under cover, 325.
Reinach, Th., on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, 81.
Reisch, E., on javelin-throwers in sculpture, 224; on Pliny’s _puer tenens tabellam_ and _malaferens nudus_, 181; on statue of Euthymos at Olympia, 183; on votive character of Olympic victor statues, 39.
Reliefs, of akontistai, from Sparta, 223; Amphiaraos, 273; _apobates_ chariot race, 272; Apollo, Artemis, and Leto, in Louvre, 284; Aristion, 124, 127; Boreas, in Metropolitan Museum, 194; boxers, in Lateran, 238; boy crowning self, 155; boxer, on bronze shield, from Mount Ida, Crete, 235; cap, in Rome, 166; charioteer, from Akropolis, 128; charioteer mounting chariot, 269; chariots, from Crete, 262; Dermys and Kitylos, from Tanagra, 335; Dioskouroi, set up by Aischylos, 96, 97; Dioskouroi, in London, 97; from Dipylon, 156; diskobolos, from Dipylon, 127; dying hoplite, from Athens, 194, 209; four-horse chariot, 268, 269; funerary, from Tanagra, 72; funerary, from Athens, 66; from Halimous, 249; Hermes, fragment from Athens, 270; hoplite runners, from Tarentum, 96; horse crowned by Nike, from Athens, 269; horseman, from Athens, 281; horse-racer, from Sicily, 281; horse-racer from Thera, 281; horse-racer leading horse, from Athens, 281; jumping-weights, from Sparta, 164; from Klazomenai, 264, 268; from Kleitor, 132; from Knossos, 3, 4; from Lamia, 132; from Loeb collection, Munich, 194; from Nemea, 132; palæstra victor, from Delphi, 138; in honor of Pamphilos and Alexandros, in Verona, 97; showing poses of victor statues, 44; as victor monuments, 28; war-chariots, from Mycenæ, 262.
Religion and Greek athletics, 14.
Remnants of victor statues at Olympia, 43.
Renaissance, the, 4; bronze copies of _Spinario_ from period of, 202.
“Repose” of Greek art, 57.
“Rest” leg, motive in sculpture, 109.
Resting after contest, athletic motive, 144.
Rewards, money, of victors at Athens, 32.
Rhamnous, the _Nemesis_ of Agorakritos at, 182.
Rhegion, Anaxilas, tyrant of, 278; coins of, showing mule-car, 263.
_Rhetoric_, the, of Aristotle, 58; inscribed base of Olympic victor mentioned in, 367.
Rhexibios, wood statue at Olympia, 106, 332, 326, 337, 351; wrongly called oldest at Olympia by Pausanias, 333.
Rhodes, scene of fighting combatants, in art of, 178; tripods in honor of Dionysos at, 19; _Zan_ at Olympia, set up by, 34.
Rhoikos, bronze founder, date of, 321; family of, 330. See also Telekles and Theodoros.
Rhouphos, Klaudios (Rufus, Claudius), statue in Rome, 371.
Rhythm, definition of, 66; in Greek Art, 66.
Riccardi head, 169, 180, 181, 183.
Richardson, R. B., on bronze head from Akropolis, 114; on _Farnese Herakles_, 253, 254.
Richter, G., on statuette of diskobolos in Metropolitan Museum, 220 and note 5.
Ridder, A. de, on Tux bronze, 207; on two statuettes of diskoboloi from Akropolis, 221, 222.
Robert, C., on _Diadoumenos_ of Pheidias, 150f.; on date of victor Kyniskos, 160.
Robinson, D. M., 267.
Robinson, E., on _Charioteer_ (?), in Boston, 275; on head of Hermes, in Boston, 85; etc.
Roehl, H., on inscription referred to statue of Milo, 38.
Roman copies of victor statues, on, 44; no copy proved to be of victor statue, 160; on Roman patrons of art, 44.
Ross, L., on inscribed base from statue of Epicharinos, 372.
Rothschild, E. de, bronze copy of _Spinario_, in Paris collection of, 202.
Rouse, W. D., on votive character of victor statues at Olympia, 39, 40.
Routes, of Pausanias in the Altis; see _Ephodoi_.
Runners, difference in style of various, shown by vase-paintings, 193, 194; on Panathenaic amphoræ, 106, 194; represented as running with bent knee, 194; statues of boy, 200f.; statues of, from Velletri, in Rome, 198, 199; statues of, without special attributes, 170.
Running race (δρόμος), various kinds of, 190f.; in mythology, 190; number of victors in, named by Pausanias, 193; origin of, at Eleusis, 190; part of all Greek games and exercises, 190. See Double foot-race, Hoplite-race, Long race, Stade-race.
Sabouroff collection, head from, 128.
Sacred war, the, 17.
Sakadas, flutist, statue of, 284.
Salamis, Aeginetans at battle of, 125; date of battle of, 125.
Salis, A. von, on statue from Olympieion, 143.
Salutation, attitude of, to a divinity, in statuette in Metropolitan Museum, 133.
_Sandal-binder_, statue of, so-called, with copies, 86, 87, 202, 203.
Sandal-binding, motive of, originates with Lysippos, 86.
Sandals, worn by charioteers, 48.
Santa Marinella, statue from, in Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Mass., 314.
Sarapion, flees adversary and is fined, 34; two statues in Elis, 370.
_Satrap Sarcophagus_, so-called, in Constantinople, 276.
_Satyr_, of Praxiteles, called _Periboëtos_, 144; statue of, in Dresden, 144.
Sawyers (?) (_pristae_), group by Myron, 188.
Scarab, chalcedony, in British Museum, 138.
Schaefer, A., on statue of Kylon on Akropolis, 362.
Scherer, Chr., on exclusive use of bronze in Olympic victor statues, 321; on “iconic” statues of Pliny, 54; on Milo’s statue at Olympia, 107; on positions of victor statues at Olympia, 340.
Scheria, games on, 210.
Schnaase, on _Farnese Herakles_, 253.
Schober, A., on Perinthos and allied heads, 181.
Schoell, R., on votive character of victor monuments, 39.
Scholiasts, statements of, on victor statues at Olympia, 43.
Schrader, H., on Attic relief from the Akropolis, 271.
Schreiber, T., on _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 90.
Schwabe, L., on Tux bronze, 207.
Sciarra bronze, statuette so-called, in Rome, 119.
Scraper; see Strigil.
Sculptors, of Olympic victor statues, 36; statistics of, 375.
_Sculptura_, definition of, from Pliny, 302.
Sculpture, Greek, after Persian Wars, 278; ancient criticism of, 58f.; evolution of, on traditional lines, 67; knowledge of, necessary in reconstructing Olympic victor statues, 44.
Sea-monsters (?) (_pristes_), group by Myron, 188.
Seasons, altar at Olympia, 351.
_Seated Boxer_, statue of the, in Museo delle Terme, Rome, 145f., 168; realism of, 57, 254.
See-saw (?) (_pristae_?), group by Myron, 188.
Seleados, base of statue at Olympia, 346.
Seleukos I, date of founding Antioch by, 121.
Selinos, coins of, showing celery wreath, 21; temple E at, 114.
Sellers, Eugénie; see Strong, Mrs. Eugénie.
Selling out, examples at Olympia, 33.
Seraglio, Old, manuscript from the, 258.
Serambos, sculptor, 123.
Shadow-fighting; see Sparring.
_Sheik-el-Beled_, the; see Ka-aper, statue of.
Shield, as attribute of hoplitodromoi, 161; as prize at Argive _Heraia_, 21; 25 bronze ones kept in temple of Zeus for Olympic hoplite runners, 22.
Siamese, funeral games among, 12.
Sicily, cities of, honor victors, 35; coins of, showing racing chariots, 262, 263; Greeks of, fond of hippodrome contests, 258; princes of, as victors at Olympia, 357; school of sculpture of, 114.
Sidon, _Alexander Sarcophagus_ from, in Constantinople, 275; _Satrap Sarcophagus_ from, in Constantinople, 276.
Sikyon, athletic school of sculptors from, 58, 118f.
Sikyonians, treasury of, at Olympia, 41, 265.
Silanion, sculptor, 129.
Silver bowl, as prize at games of Patroklos, 19; silver cups, as prizes at Sikyonian Pythian games, 20.
Simon, sculptor, 264, 268.
Simonides, of Keos, 36, 47, 210.
Singing, competition in, at Delphi, 25.
Single-combat, between Ajax and Diomedes, in Iliad, 8.
Six, J., on _Borghese Warrior_, 208; on statue of Hermolykos on Akropolis, 373.
Size of victor statues, 45f.
_Skenoma_ (Σκήνωμα), the, at Sparta, 367.
Skopas, sculptor, 36; characteristics of, 311; head in style of, in Capitoline Museum, Rome, 169; head-type of, 77; influence on the _Agias_, 291; intense expression of, 307; Kallistratos on, 309; knowledge of, recently augmented, 286; as master of expression of passion, 309; Philandridas head wrongly ascribed to, 293; Skopas and boy athlete head from Sparta, 305; Skopas and Lysippos compared, 311f., 315; style of, from Tegea heads, 306.
Skripou, convent of, 334.
Skyllis, sculptor, 122, 334. See also Dipoinos.
Skyros, 18.
Slings for diskoi, on r.-f. vase, 164.
Smikythos; see Mikythos.
Smile, in archaic sculpture, 100, 126.
Smith, A. H., on _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 89, 90; on athlete statue from Palazzo Farnese, Rome, in British Museum, 293.
Snail-volute, hair technique, 53.
_Snatcher_, the, from East gable, temple of Aegina, 125.
Sodamas, statue at Olympia, 354.
Sogliano, A., on boxer statue from Sorrento, 243.
Sokrates, philosopher, condemns “mimetic” arts, 58; on physical development of runners and boxers, 59; visit of, to sculptor Kleito, 59.
Sokrates, victor; see Sosikrates.
Solon, assigns money prizes to Olympic and Isthmian victors, 25, 32.
_Solos_, throwing of, in Iliad, 8; as type of diskos, 218.
Somzée Collection, athlete from the, 176, 251.
Songs, in honor of victors, 34.
Sophios, statue at Olympia, 299, 342.
Sophokles, _Trachiniae_ of, 318.
Sorrento, statue of boxer from, by Koblanos, 242.
Sosikrates (or Sokrates), victor statue of, at Olympia, 200, 344.
Sostratos, dates of Olympic victories of, 300; inscribed base from statue, at Delphi, 249; statue at Olympia, 55; surnamed ἀκροχερσίτης, 248, 249.
Sotades, Olympic victor, bribed and exiled, 33.
Southeast Building, the, at Olympia, 344.
Sparring, preliminary, called ἀκροχερισμός in boxing and pankration, 248 and note 4; depicted on Ficoroni cista in Rome, 243; depicted on Peter cista in Rome, 243; as motive of boxer statues, 243; as motive of statuette of boxer in Vatican, 243; as motive of marble torso in Berlin, 243; preliminary in pankration, 248; called σκιαμαχεῖν (to shadow-fight), in boxing, 122, 243 and note 4.
Sparta, Akropolis, of, 305; _Dionysia_ at, 50; Δρόμος at, 309; funeral games at, in honor of Leonidas and Pausanias, 11; head of statue of boy from, 305f.; Σκήνωμα at, 367.
Spartans, allow biting and gouging in pankration, 246; ball-playing among, 84; as boxers, 167; boxing of, in Plato, 167; excluded from Olympia on certain Olympiads, 31; girls contest with boys, 49; physical exercise among, 1; sacrifice to Apollo the Runner, 88; youths dedicate offerings to Eros in contest of beauty, 57.
Spear, casting of, at games of Patroklos, 8.
Sphairians (σφαιρεῖς), title of Spartan youths, 84, 319.
_Spinario_, the, statue in Rome, 201f.; as example of asymmetry, 70; imitations of original of, 202.
_Splanchnoptes_, statue of, by Styphax, 143.
Sponges, shown on r.-f. kylix, 164.
Spring-board, not used in Greek jumping, 216.
Stackelberg, O. von, traveling journal of, 286, 366.
Stade-race (δρόμος, στάδιον), 190f.; first event at Olympia and at the _Panathenaia_, 191; for boys, introduced at Olympia, 191; the oldest (?) event at Olympia, 191; victor in, eponymus at Olympia, 37; wrongly regarded as chief event at Olympia, 191.
Stadia, absent in Homer, 7.
Stadion, the, at Olympia, 258, 359, 360.
Staïs, V., on _Hermes of Andros_, 71; on two statuettes of diskoboloi from Akropolis, 221, 222.
Stamnos, r.-f., from Etruria, in Vienna, 132.
Standard of physical development uniform in fifth century B. C., 147f.
_Standing Diskobolos_, the statue in Vatican, 76f.; pose of, 219, 220; replica of, 77.
_Standing Hermes_, the, statue in Vatican, 72.
“_Stand-motif_,” Polykleitan, 82.
“Starters of the race,” epithets of Kastor and Polydeukes at Sparta, 96.
Stassoff, on supposed Oriental origin of javelin-throwing, 222.
Statuettes, of ivory acrobats, from Knossos, 3; akontistai, two bronze, 227, 228; Apollo, from Naxos, in Berlin, 74, 119; Apollo (Payne Knight), in British Museum, 108, 119; Apollo, from Piombino, in Louvre, 118; Apollo, from Palazzo Sciarra, Rome, 119; apoxyomenos, in Loeb collection, Munich, 136; athlete, archaic, from Delphi, 28; athlete, from Ligourió, 105, 111, 114; athlete, in Louvre, 213, 214; boxer, from Akropolis, 28; boxer, from Corfu, in British Museum, 96; boxer, from Olympia, 28, 244; boxer, in Vatican Museum, 243; diadoumenos, terra cotta from Smyrna, in London, 154; diadoumenos, from Akropolis, 155; diskoboloi, 28, 218f.; diskoboloi, two bronze, from Akropolis, 222; diskoboloi, group in Loeb collection, Munich 232, 233; diskobolos, in Berlin, 221; diskobolos, in British Museum, 221; diskobolos, from cover of lebes, in British Museum, 221; diskobolos, from the Kabeirion, 28; diskobolos, in Metropolitan Museum, 220, 221; girl runner, from Dodona, 28; girl extracting thorn, terra cotta from Nida-Haddernheim, 202; Herakles or victor, in Berlin, 96; Herakles, or victors, in British Museum, 96; _Hermes Diskobolos_, from sea off Antikythera, 78, 79; hoplitodrome, from Capua, in Vienna, 207; hoplitodrome, Tux bronze, in Tuebingen, 28; horse-racer, from Dodona, 28, 281; horse-racer, in Loeb collection, Munich, 282; horse-racer, from Volubilis, 281; horse-racers, from Olympia, 24; oil-pourer, from S. Italy, in British Museum, 135; oil-pourers, terra cottas from Myrina, 135; pancratiast, from Autun, in Louvre, 249f.; praying boys, two bronze, in Metropolitan Museum, 132, 133; sacrificer, from Dodona, 143; trumpeter, from Sparta, 283; warrior, from Dodona, 126; wrestlers, group from Akropolis, 28; wrestlers, group in Loeb Collection, Munich, 232; statuettes in motion, from Egyptian art, 177; in Paris and Rome, showing motive of statue of Xenokles, 138, 139.
Stelæ, in honor of victors, 40.
Stephanos, sculptor, statue by, 111f.
“Stolid” group of so-called “Apollo” statues, 100.
Stomach throw, in pankration, 247.
Stomios, famous pentathlete, 59; statue of, at Olympia, 42.
Stone, used in Olympic victor statues, 323f.
Strabo, on origin of Olympic games, 15.
_Strangford Apollo_, the, statue in British Museum, 102, 103, 123, 244.
Strangling, allowed in pankration, 246, 247.
Straton, Olympic victor, 34, 93.
Strigil, or scraper (στλεγγίς), used by athletes as a common palæstra attribute, 135, 138, 288.
Stroganoff, statuette formerly in Collection, 166.
Strong, Mrs. Eugénie (_née_ Sellers), on Apollo head, in British Museum, 92; on Beneventum head, in Louvre, 63.
Studniczka, F., on the gable statues from Olympia, 114; on the _Idolino_, 141; on statues of Theagenes, 364.
Styphax (or Styppax), sculptor, 143.
Subiaco, statue of kneeling youth from, 195; date and interpretation of, 195, 196.
Succession, contests of, as explanation of funerary games, 14.
_Suedwestbau_; see Leonidaion.
Svoronos, J. N., on bronze arm found in sea off Antikythera, 236; on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, 83; on bronze statuette found in sea off Antikythera, 79; on Delphi _Charioteer_, 277; on dying hoplite relief, from Athens, 209; on the _Idolino_, 142.
Swollen ear, as attribute of victor statues, 167f.; not a determining distinction between heads of athletes and Herakles, 297, 319, 320; on various heads of athletes, gods, and heroes, 168f.
Symmachos, statue at Olympia, 120, 342.
Symmetry, in Greek art, 65, 66; Pliny and Vitruvius on, 66.
_Symplegma_, group representing a, by Kephisodotos, 252.
_Symposium_, of Xenophon, 59.
Syracuse, coins of, representing Nike with tablet, 182; funeral games at, in honor of Timoleon, 11; Hiero and Gelo, kings of, 257.
_Tainia_, or fillet, as victor attribute, 148f.
Tanagra, ephebe chosen at, for his beauty, 57; grave-stele from, 72.
Tarentum (Taras), captured by Q. Fabius Maximus, 253; coins of, showing _apobates_ horse-racers, 282.
Tarsos, athlete head from, 168.
Tegea, excavations at temple of Athena at, 306; heads from gable of temple at, 306; heads from, compared with small frieze from Mausoleion, 275; heads from, compared with boy athlete head from Sparta, 305; torso of the _Amazon_ from, 306.
Teisikrates, chariot victor, at Delphi, 268.
Teisikrates, pancratiast, inscribed base of statue of, from Delphi, 249.
Teisikrates, Theban sculptor, 368.
Tektaios, sculptor, 122, 304, 334, 335. See also Angelion.
Telekles, sculptor, 330, 334. See also Rhoikos and Theodoros.
Telemachos, base of statue at Olympia, 346, 348, 355; statue at Olympia, 109, 266, 339, 345; zone of, at Olympia, 345, 346.
Telephos, battle with Achilles, in Tegea pediment, 306; in group, on small frieze from Pergamon, 253; in group, in Vatican, 95.
Telesikrates, hoplite victor, statue at Delphi, 26, 162.
Tellon, base of statue at Olympia, 240, 345; statue at Olympia, 31, 352.
Temessa, Black Spirit of, 35.
Tempe, vale of, as home of laurel, 21.
Temple, spoken of as _pro persona_, 299.
Tenea, “Apollo” of, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 127, 327, 336; “Apollo” of, as runner, 148; necropolis of, 337.
Tenerani, sculptor, 288.
Tepemankh, wood statue in Cairo, 330.
Terrace wall, South, at Olympia, 346, 348, 357, 358.
Tetradrachm, silver, in honor of Olympic victory of Philip II, 280.
Thaliarchos, base of statue of, 358; oldest prose inscription making an Olympic victor statue votive, 39.
Thamyris, victor statue on Helikon, 284.
_Thargelia_, the, statue of boy victor at, 27.
Thasos, statue of Theagenes on, 364; temple of Apollo at Alki on, 336.
Theagenes, Olympic victor, boxing match with Euthymos, 247; heroized after death, 35; statue at Olympia, 122, 244, 364; story of statue on Thasos, 364; too wearied by boxing to enter pankration, 247; wrestling match with Aethiopian, 252.
Theekoleon, the, at Olympia, 353, 355, 357.
Theochrestos, chariot dedicated at Olympia, 265.
Theodoros, bronze founder, 321, 330, 334. See also Rhoikos and Telekles.
Theodosius, Roman emperor, abolishes Olympic games, 15.
Theognetos, statue at Olympia, 61, 165, 352.
Theopompos, statue at Olympia, 161.
Theopropos, base of statue at Olympia, 360.
Theoros, painter, 29, 133.
Theotimos, statue at Olympia, 121.
Thera, “Apollo” of, 100, 101, 103, 104, 327, 337.
Thermæ, the, of M. Agrippa, Rome, 289.
Thermopylæ, battle of, 51.
Thersias, first victor in mule-race at Olympia, 261.
Thersilochos, statue at Olympia, 117.
Thersonides, base of statue from Olympia, 356.
_Theseia_, the, 18; boys at, divided into three classes, 189.
Theseus, 18; contest of, on Delos, in honor of Apollo, 160; as inventor of boxing, 235; as inventor of pankration, 247; statues of, in gymnasia and palæstræ, 94; Theseus and Kerkyon, on metope of Theseion, 232.
Thessalonika, funeral games at, 11.
Thessaly, bull-grappling sport in, 5.
Thong (ἀγκύλη, _amentum_), of javelin, 223.
_Thorn-puller_; see _Spinario_.
Thorwaldsen, sculptor, restores Aegina gable statues, 123.
Thracian Chersonesos, games on, 11.
Thrasyboulos, drives father’s car at Delphi, 267.
Thrasymachos (or Thrasymedes), base of statue at Olympia, 358.
Threatening look of victor statues, 59.
Thukydides, on Diitrephes, 373; on _krobylos_ hair-fashion, 52; on loin-cloth of athletes, 48; on refuge of King Pausanias, 367; uses pancratiasts for dating, 191.
Tiberius, Roman emperor, base of statue at Olympia, 357, 358; chariot victor at Olympia, 261; enamored of the _Apoxyomenos_ of Lysippos, 289.
Tilting, hold in pankration, 247.
Timainetos, painter, 29.
Timaios, first victor in trumpeting at Olympia, 283.
Timaios, historian, 284.
Timarchides, sculptor, 129, 324.
Timasitheos, statue at Olympia, 111, 355.
Timokles, sculptor, 129.
Timoleon, funeral games in honor of, at Syracuse, 11.
Timon, chariot victor, statue in equestrian group, 120, 266, 268, 279.
Timon, pentathlete, statue at Olympia, 109, 354.
Timoptolis, honor statue at Olympia, 42.
Timosthenes, statue at Olympia, 121, 342.
Tiryns, fresco from, 2, 3; lack of athletic scenes at, 8.
Titus, baths at Rome, 371.
Toalios, Aurelios, base of victor statue at Oinoanda, 371.
Torches, dedications of, 22.
Toreadors, paintings of, male and female, at Knossos, 1, 3.
Torlonia, Palazzo, Rome, copy of _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type in, 89; head of _Ares_ in, 170.
_Trachiniae_, of Sophokles, 318.
Trainers at Olympia, nude, 49.
Treasuries, the, at Olympia, 351.
Treu, G., on colossal Apollo from Olympia, 92; on copy of _Doryphoros_ of Polykleitos, at Olympia, 227; on gable statues from temple of Zeus, Olympia, 114; on head of hoplite runner from Olympia, 163; identifies Leonidaion, at Olympia, 348; on Philandridas head, 293, 294; on use of marble in Olympic victor statues, 324, 326.
_Triopia_, the, at Mykale, 19.
Triphylia, 15.
Tripods, as early prizes, 19; found at Olympia and elsewhere, 22; in honor of various gods and heroes, 19; reliefs on bronze, in Loeb collection, Munich, 194.
Tripping, in wrestling, 229; shown by five bronze groups, 233.
Triptolemos (?), statue of Kyniskos converted into, 74.
Troilos, dates of victories at Olympia, 300, 301; statue at Olympia, 29, 121, 266, 298; tablet from base of statue of, 299, 342.
Trotting-race with mares (κάλπη), introduced at Olympia, 261; why introduced, 282.
Trumpeters, on Attic vases, 284; bronze statuette of, from Sparta, 283; contests of, introduced at Olympia, 283; statues at Olympia, 283.
Tuebingen bronze; see Tux bronze.
Tui, wood statue of, in Louvre, 331.
Tumblers, among Athenians, 5; among Trojans, 5; on shield of Achilles, 5.
Turin, head of athlete in, 87; marble head of Apollo in, 93; Roman grave-stone from, 72.
Tux bronze, statuette of hoplitodromos (?), in University Museum, Tuebingen, 28, 123, 164, 206, 207.
_Tyche_, statue by Eutychides, at Antioch, 121.
Types, various, of Olympic victor statues, 44, 99f., 173f.; etc.
_Tyrannicides_, the, group by Kritios and Nesiotes, 60, 148, 173f.; break with law of “frontality,” 175; as first examples of honor statues, 41; group of, returned from Susa by Alexander, 173; reconstruction of, from reliefs, vase-paintings, etc., 174; represented on oinochoe in Boston, 175; sculptors of, 173f., 372; _Tyrannicides_ and _Diskobolos_ compared, 183.
Umpires, at Olympia, 149. See also Hellanodikai.
Uncritical judgments of ancient writers on art, 58.
Uniformity, standard of, in physical development in fifth century B. C., 147f.
Urlichs, H. L. von, on _pristae_ of Myron, 188; on _puer tenens tabellam_ of Pythagoras, 182.
Urlichs, L. von, on _mala ferens nudus_, mentioned by Pliny, 182; on _puer tenens tabellam_ of Pythagoras, 182.
Vaison _Diadoumenos_ of Polykleitos, 152.
Valerian, Roman emperor, 11.
Vapheio, cups from, 4.
Varro, opinions of, on art, 60.
Vase-paintings, showing poses of Olympic victor statues, 44.
“Vatican athlete standing at rest,” so-called, 140.
Veins, shown in Cretan art, 3, 4.
_Venator_, statue of, by Euthykrates, 314.
Ventnor head in British Museum, 89.
Verona, grave-relief in, 72.
Victor fillets, 52.
Victor statues, assimilated to types of gods and heroes, 71f.; bases of, from Altis, 43, 353f.; carried off to Italy, 43; dedication of, an old Greek custom, 99; dedication at Olympia and elsewhere, 24f.; distinguished from statues of gods and heroes, 71; general characteristics of, 43f.; groups of, in Altis, 300, 340; hair-fashion of, 50f.; life-size, examples of, 46; materials of, 321f.; in motion, 173f.; nudity of, 47f.; _periegesis_ of, in the Altis, by Pausanias, 321; positions of, in Altis, 339f., 352; remnants of, 43, 62f.; at rest, 99f.; set up at Olympia, long after victory, 32; set up at Olympia, soon after victory, 31; set up at Olympia by relatives of victor, by native city of victor, by fellow-citizens of victor, 30; set up by trainers, 30; set up outside Olympia, 361f.; size of, 45f.; statuaries of, 375; two classes of, 99; zones of, at Olympia, 340.
Victor statuettes, set up at Olympia, 27, 28; on Akropolis, 28.
_Victoria quadrigam in sublime rapiens_, painting by Nikomachos, 268.
Victors, special privileges of, at Rome, 33; _Victor certamine gymnico palmam tenens_, painting of, by Eupompos, 160; victor, represented as crowned, on chest of Kypselos, 13; victor in wrestling and pankration on same day, called παράδοξος or παραδοξονίκης, 94; victors at four national games, called περιοδονῖκαι, 361.
_Victory_, of Paionios; see Paionios, _Nike_ of; zone of, at Olympia, 344, 355.
Vincent, Edgar, head of athlete in Collection of, 156.
Vinci, Leonardo da, on body proportions, 68.
Visconti, on so-called _Borghese Warrior_, 209; on Pliny’s “iconic” statues, 54.
Viterbo, bull-grappling in province of, 5.
Vitruvius, on analogy, rhythm, and symmetry, in Greek art, 66.
_Volneratus deficiens_, the, statue by Kresilas, 199.
Volomandra, “Apollo” from, 100, 104, 337.
Volubilis, Morocco, French excavations at, 281.
Votive offerings (ἀναθήματα), mentioned by Pausanias, 339; victor monuments as, 37.
Wace, A. J. B., on Parian marble male head in Turin, of athlete or Apollo, 93; on Roman male head in Turin, resembling the _Apoxyomenos_ of Lysippan school, 292.
Waldstein (Walston), C., on appellation “Apollo” for early athlete statues, 335; on bronze
statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, 81; on _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 90, 179; on the _Strangford Apollo_, 244; on victor fillet, 149.
Walking motive in sculpture, not Polykleitan in origin, 226.
Walston, C.; see Waldstein, C.
Warrior, or hoplitodromos, bronze head from Akropolis, 123.
Washburn, O. M., on Delphi _Charioteer_, 277, 278.
Wernicke, K., on Great Altar of Zeus at Olympia, 349.
_Westgraben_, the, at Olympia, 358.
_Westmacott Athlete_, the, 156f., 158, 305.
Wheels, four-spoked, one dedicated at Argos, 97; tin-foil, dedicated at Olympia, 23.
White, H. G. E., on two statuettes of diskoboloi from Akropolis, 221, 222.
Wilamowitz, U. von (Wilamowitz-Moellendorf), on inscribed base of statue of Epicharinos on Akropolis, 372.
Winckelmann, J., on character of Greek Art, 57; on _Jason_ of Louvre, 87.
Wine-pourers, statues of, 144.
Winged figures, represented in motion before sixth century B. C., 176f.
Winnefeld, H., on _Westmacott Athlete_ statue type, 158.
Winter, F., on _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 90; on the _Seated Boxer_ of Museo delle Terme, 147.
Woelfflin, E., on _nudus talo incessens_ of Polykleitos, 250, 251.
Wolters, P., on bronze foot from Olympia, 255; on _Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo_ statue type, 90, 91; on head of hoplitodrome, from Olympia, 163; on inscribed base of the _Agias_, 292; on _Spinario_, 201; on Tux bronze, 207; on use of bronze in Olympic victor statues, 321.
Woman, statue of Muse type, from Andros, 71; head in Louvre, 128.
Women, admitted to chariot-race at Olympia, 49; excluded from Olympia, 49; victress statues of, draped, 48; admitted to the _Heraia_, Olympia, 49.
Worship of victors after death, 35.
_Wounded Amazon_, statue in Capitoline Museum, 151.
_Wounded Man_, the, statue of; see _Volneratus deficiens_.
Wreath of leaves, as prize at various games.
Wrestlers, attributes of statues of, 165; bronze group of, in Paris, 232; bronze statue in Naples, 99; five copies of bronze group of, showing tripping, 233; group of, on bronze bowl from Borsdorf, showing hand grip, 231, 232; groups of, on cista handles, 232; groups of, on Etruscan cista in Metropolitan Museum, 231; group of, at Olympia (?), 233f.; paintings of wrestlers by Naukeros, and by Antidotos, 233; part of group of, found
in sea off Antikythera, 232; small bronze group of, in Loeb Collection, showing cross-buttocks, 232; statues of, at Olympia, 234; statues of, without special attributes, 170; two bronze statues of, from Herculaneum showing front hold, 230, 231; two groups of, on rim of bronze bowl, in Boston, 232.
Wrestling (πάλη), 228f.; bout between Theseus and Kerkyon, on metope of Theseion, 232; cap used in, 166; depicted on proto-Attic amphora, 13; for boys, introduced at Olympia, 228; at games of Patroklos, 8; ground wrestling, on gems and vases, 248; holds in, on vases (arm, body, front, neck, side, wrist), 229; introduced at Olympia, 228; oldest(?) of athletic sports, 228; one of most popular sports, 228; positions in, on various monuments, 229; on r.-f. kylix, in Philadelphia, 230; scenes in, on r.-f. vase, by Andokides, 230; throws in, on vases (buttocks, cross-buttocks, flying mare, heave, tripping), 229; two kinds of, upright (ὀρθὴ πάλη), ground (κύλισις), 228, 229; victors in wrestling and pankration on same day, 93, 94; on wall-paintings at Beni-Hasan, Egypt, 1, 228; wrestling and boxing on Panathenaic amphora of Kittos, 248; wrestling and boxing in pankration, 247; wrestling and pankration contrasted, 246.
Wunderer, C., on the _Seated Boxer_ of Museo delle Terme, 147.
Xanten, bronze statue of boy found in Rhine near, 276.
Xanthos, Chimæra tomb at, 271.
Xenodamos, statue at Antikythera, 369.
Xenodikos, statue at Olympia, 279, 345.
Xenokles, base of statue at Olympia, 234, 344; copies of statue of, 228, 234; motive of statue of, 138, 139; statue at Olympia, by Polykleitos the Younger, 118.
Xenokrates, of Akragas, chariot victor at Delphi, 267.
Xenokrates, sculptor, 61.
Xenombrotos, base of statue at Olympia, 345; base of second statue at Olympia, 355; portrait statue of, at Olympia, 54; statue at Olympia, by Philotimos, 122, 264, 279; two monuments of, at Olympia, 29.
Xenophanes, philosopher, on dangerous character of pankration, 246; on painful character of boxing, 235; protest of, against reverencing victors, 36.
Xenophon, historian, on athletics, 58, 59; _Symposium_ of, 59.
Xenophon, of Aigion, statue at Olympia, 120, 343.
Xerxes, carries off the _Tyrannicides_ to Susa, 173; sacks Akropolis, 271.
Xoana (ξόανα), Daidalian, 328.
Youth, bronze head of, from Akropolis, 114; bronze head of, from Herculaneum, 95; bronze statue of, found in sea off Antikythera, 80f., 82f.; Polykleitan statue of, crowning himself, 155; youth with tablet, on Munich vase, 182.
_Zanes_, statues of Zeus, so-called, near entrance to Stadion, at Olympia, 33, 34.
Zenobios, 182.